Search results for "Move"
showing 10 items of 2153 documents
Attentional capture by emotional scenes across episodes in bipolar disorder: Evidence from a free-viewing task
2015
We examined whether the initial orienting, subsequent engagement, and overall allocation of attention are determined exogenously (i.e. by the affective valence of the stimulus) or endogenously (i.e. by the participant's mood) in the manic, depressive and euthymic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). Participants were asked to compare the affective valence of two pictures (happy/threatening/neutral [emotional] vs. neutral [control]) while their eye movements were recorded in a free-viewing task. Results revealed that the initial orienting was exogenously captured by emotional images relative to control images. Importantly, engagement and overall allocation were endogenously captured by threate…
Inhibitory Control for Emotional and Neutral Scenes in Competition: An Eye-Tracking Study in Bipolar Disorder
2017
This study examined the inhibitory control of attention to social scenes in manic, depressive, and euthymic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). Two scenes were simultaneously presented (happy/threatening/neutral [target] versus control). Participants were asked either to look at the emotional pictures (i.e., attend-to-emotional block) or to avoid looking at the emotional pictures (i.e., attend-to-neutral block) while their eye movements were recorded. The initial orienting (latency and percentage of first fixation) and subsequent attentional engagement (gaze duration) were computed. Manic patients showed a higher percentage of initial fixations on happy scenes than on the other scenes, regar…
The Temporal Structure of Vertical Arm Movements
2011
Import JabRef | WosArea Life Sciences and Biomedicine - Other Topics; International audience; The present study investigates how the CNS deals with the omnipresent force of gravity during arm motor planning. Previous studies have reported direction-dependent kinematic differences in the vertical plane; notably, acceleration duration was greater during a downward than an upward arm movement. Although the analysis of acceleration and deceleration phases has permitted to explore the integration of gravity force, further investigation is necessary to conclude whether feedforward or feedback control processes are at the origin of this incorporation. We considered that a more detailed analysis of…
CATCHING FALLING OBJECTS: THE ROLE OF THE CEREBELLUM IN PROCESSING SENSORY-MOTOR ERRORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE UPDATING OF FEEDFORWARD COMMANDS. AN fMRI …
2011
Import JabRef | WosArea Neurosciences and Neurology; International audience; The human motor system continuously adapts to changes in the environment by comparing differences between the brain's predicted outcome of a certain behavior and the observed outcome. This discrepancy signal triggers a sensory-motor error and it is assumed that the cerebellum is a key structure in updating this error and associated feedforward commands. Using fMRI, the aim of the present study was to determine the main cerebellar structures that are involved in the processing of sensory-motor errors and in updating feedforward commands when simply catching a falling ball without displacement of the hand. Subjects o…
Migration of renal tumor cells depends on dephosphorylation of Shc by PTEN.
2011
The tumor suppressor PTEN is a phosphatase using FAK and Shc as direct substrates, and Akt as a key effector via PIP3. PTEN regulates cell migration and may influence metastases. We quantified PTEN in 135 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) by Western blot analysis and found statistically significant lower PTEN expression in patients who died, usually caused by metastases, within 5 years after surgery, compared to those surviving this time period. In athymic mice, PTEN transfected 786-O cells were injected into the tail vein and metastatic load of the lungs was quantified. We observed a strongly reduced metastatic load after PTEN transfection. For analyses of the PTEN activities, trans…
CONSISTENT BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELL MOBILIZATION FOLLOWING REPEATED SHORT COURSES OF GRANULOCYTE-COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH AMYOTROPH…
2009
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the feasibility and safety of bone marrow-derived cell (BMC) mobilization following repeated courses of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods. Between January 2006 and March 2007, 26 ALS patients entered a multicenter trial that included four courses of BMC mobilization at 3-month intervals. In each course, G-CSF (5 mu g/kg b.i.d.) was administered for four consecutive days; 18% mannitol was also given. Mobilization was monitored by flow cytometry analysis of circulating CD34(+) cells and by in vitro colony assay for clonogenic progenitors. Co-exp…
Cognitive and Motor Loops of the Human Cerebro-cerebellar System
2010
Abstract We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I/II had a specific relationship with cognitive performance: This activity correlated negat…
Changes in cerebellar activation pattern during two successive sequences of saccades
2002
The changes in the cerebellar activation pattern of two successive fMRI scanning runs were determined for visually guided to‐and‐fro saccades in 12 healthy volunteers familiar with the study paradigm. Group and single subject‐analyses revealed a constant activation of the paramedian cerebellar vermis (uvula, tonsils, tuber, folium/declive), which reflects constant ocular motor activity in both runs. A significant decrease in activation of the cerebellar hemispheres found in the second run is best explained by either a decrease in attention or the effects of motor optimization and learning. The significant, systematic changes of the cerebellar activation pattern in two successive runs were n…
Genetics and Beyond – The Transcriptome of Human Monocytes and Disease Susceptibility
2010
BACKGROUND: Variability of gene expression in human may link gene sequence variability and phenotypes; however, non-genetic variations, alone or in combination with genetics, may also influence expression traits and have a critical role in physiological and disease processes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To get better insight into the overall variability of gene expression, we assessed the transcriptome of circulating monocytes, a key cell involved in immunity-related diseases and atherosclerosis, in 1,490 unrelated individuals and investigated its association with >675,000 SNPs and 10 common cardiovascular risk factors. Out of 12,808 expressed genes, 2,745 expression quantitative trait …
Numerical relations and skill level constrain co-adaptive behaviors of agents in sports teams.
2014
Similar to other complex systems in nature (e.g., a hunting pack, flocks of birds), sports teams have been modeled as social neurobiological systems in which interpersonal coordination tendencies of agents underpin team swarming behaviors. Swarming is seen as the result of agent co-adaptation to ecological constraints of performance environments by collectively perceiving specific possibilities for action (affordances for self and shared affordances). A major principle of invasion team sports assumed to promote effective performance is to outnumber the opposition (creation of numerical overloads) during different performance phases (attack and defense) in spatial regions adjacent to the bal…