Search results for "Movement."
showing 10 items of 1979 documents
CONSISTENT BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELL MOBILIZATION FOLLOWING REPEATED SHORT COURSES OF GRANULOCYTE-COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH AMYOTROPH…
2009
Background and aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the feasibility and safety of bone marrow-derived cell (BMC) mobilization following repeated courses of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods. Between January 2006 and March 2007, 26 ALS patients entered a multicenter trial that included four courses of BMC mobilization at 3-month intervals. In each course, G-CSF (5 mu g/kg b.i.d.) was administered for four consecutive days; 18% mannitol was also given. Mobilization was monitored by flow cytometry analysis of circulating CD34(+) cells and by in vitro colony assay for clonogenic progenitors. Co-exp…
Cognitive and Motor Loops of the Human Cerebro-cerebellar System
2010
Abstract We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I/II had a specific relationship with cognitive performance: This activity correlated negat…
Changes in cerebellar activation pattern during two successive sequences of saccades
2002
The changes in the cerebellar activation pattern of two successive fMRI scanning runs were determined for visually guided to‐and‐fro saccades in 12 healthy volunteers familiar with the study paradigm. Group and single subject‐analyses revealed a constant activation of the paramedian cerebellar vermis (uvula, tonsils, tuber, folium/declive), which reflects constant ocular motor activity in both runs. A significant decrease in activation of the cerebellar hemispheres found in the second run is best explained by either a decrease in attention or the effects of motor optimization and learning. The significant, systematic changes of the cerebellar activation pattern in two successive runs were n…
Genetics and Beyond – The Transcriptome of Human Monocytes and Disease Susceptibility
2010
BACKGROUND: Variability of gene expression in human may link gene sequence variability and phenotypes; however, non-genetic variations, alone or in combination with genetics, may also influence expression traits and have a critical role in physiological and disease processes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To get better insight into the overall variability of gene expression, we assessed the transcriptome of circulating monocytes, a key cell involved in immunity-related diseases and atherosclerosis, in 1,490 unrelated individuals and investigated its association with >675,000 SNPs and 10 common cardiovascular risk factors. Out of 12,808 expressed genes, 2,745 expression quantitative trait …
Numerical relations and skill level constrain co-adaptive behaviors of agents in sports teams.
2014
Similar to other complex systems in nature (e.g., a hunting pack, flocks of birds), sports teams have been modeled as social neurobiological systems in which interpersonal coordination tendencies of agents underpin team swarming behaviors. Swarming is seen as the result of agent co-adaptation to ecological constraints of performance environments by collectively perceiving specific possibilities for action (affordances for self and shared affordances). A major principle of invasion team sports assumed to promote effective performance is to outnumber the opposition (creation of numerical overloads) during different performance phases (attack and defense) in spatial regions adjacent to the bal…
The effect of different starting procedures on sprinters' reaction time.
2012
We examined the effect of different false start rules and starters' holding time on athletics sprinters' reaction times. Reaction times from 210 female (25.2 ± 3.8 years) and 361 male (24.8 ± 3.8 years) 100 m sprinters, participating in international championships for seniors from 1997 to 2011, were analysed. Holding time calculations were based on television recordings from the analysed heats (n = 267). Mean reaction times have increased by 20% (0.03 s, P0.001) during a 15 year period due to stricter false start rules. Starters' holding times were between 1.3 and 2.2 s for the analysed competitions. There was a small but significant relationship between reaction time and starters' holding …
Comparison of service tactic formation on players’ movements and point outcome between national and beginner level padel
2021
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of service tactic formation on players’ movements and point outcome at two different performance levels. The sample contained 2,148 points corresponding to 18 matches from two male padel indoor tournaments. Players were classified according to their game level: high-level (N = 36; age = 33.3 ± 6.9 years) and beginner (N = 36; age = 35.4 ± 6.8 years). Variables pertaining to service tactic formation (conventional or Australian), point outcome and movement patterns were analysed from the matches through systematic observation. The results showed how high-level players used a significantly higher percentage of the Australian formation than beg…
Pointing to a target from an upright position in human: tuning of postural responses when there is target uncertainty
2000
International audience; Human subjects performed, from a standing position, rapid hand pointings to visual targets located within or beyond the prehension space. To examine the interaction between posture and the goal-directed movement we introduced a visual double-step perturbation requiring a reprogramming of the hand movement. Trials directed towards the same spatial goal but differentiated only by the likeliness of a visual double-step were compared. The hand kinematics was not affected by the uncertainty of the visual perturbation; an increased trunk bending, however, was observed. This suggests that uncertainty constraints are integrated in a predictive manner for the optimal coordina…
Grip force regulates hand impedance to optimize object stability in high impact loads
2011
Anticipatory grip force adjustments are a prime example of the predictive nature of motor control. An object held in precision grip is stabilized by fine adjustments of the grip force against changes in tangential load force arising from inertia during acceleration and deceleration. When an object is subject to sudden impact loads, prediction becomes critical as the time available for sensory feedback is very short. Here, we investigated the control of grip force when participants performed a targeted tapping task with a hand-held object. During the initial transport phase of the movement, load force varied smoothly with acceleration. In contrast, in the collision, load forces sharply incre…
Neural net classification of REM sleep based on spectral measures as compared to nonlinear measures
2001
In various studies the implementation of nonlinear and nonconventional measures has significantly improved EEG (electroencephalogram) analyses as compared to using conventional parameters alone. A neural network algorithm well approved in our laboratory for the automatic recognition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was investigated in this regard. Originally based on a broad range of spectral power inputs, we additionally supplied the nonlinear measures of the largest Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension as well as the nonconventional stochastic measures of spectral entropy and entropy of amplitudes. No improvement in the detection of REM sleep could be achieved by the inclusion of …