Search results for "Movement"
showing 10 items of 2021 documents
How a Fish’s Brain May Move a Fish’s Body
1990
The brainstem of the electric fish Eigenmannia virescens contains a small number of neural networks projecting directly onto the motoneuron pools of the spinal cord such that each segment is reached by at least one neuron of all the networks. Quantitative data of movement patterns, recorded from freely moving animals as well as elicited by electrical stimulation of the single networks, suggest that each network contains a full program for a particular movement, e. g. bending of the body axis to one side. By virtue of the structural relationship the programs are executable with a small number of segments. Mixing of small pieces of programs along the body axis allows for a far larger variety …
Examination of fundamental movement patterns and likelihood of injury in amateur runners from Opole region in Poland
2018
Background: The most common risk factors for running-related injuries are mistakes, such as insufficient warm-up and stretching exercises, during training. Good preparation and proper training reduces the risk of sport-related injuries. Aim of the study: To examine fundamental movement patterns and likelihood of injury in amateur runners. Material and methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners from Opole region (Poland) were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 12 runners from the club “Kotwica Brzeg”, who did a proper warmup before training and stretching exercises after training. The second group comprised 12 runners from other clubs who did not undertake any warm-up…
Functional Data Analysis for Gait Analysis after Stroke
2013
Variability is one of the key determinants of gait after stroke. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is a suitable tool to deal with variability associated with movement analysis patterns. In this contribution (FDA) has been applied for the analysis 53 post-stroke patients. Functional Principal Components Analysis (FPCA) has been applied. Dependence of velocity on the functional state of the patient has been found as well as other mechanisms that are hidden in conventional parametric analysis of the curves.
Translational Model of Cortical Premotor-Motor Networks.
2021
Abstract Deciphering the physiological patterns of motor network connectivity is a prerequisite to elucidate aberrant oscillatory transformations and elaborate robust translational models of movement disorders. In the proposed translational approach, we studied the connectivity between premotor (PMC) and primary motor cortex (M1) by recording high-density electroencephalography in humans and between caudal (CFA) and rostral forelimb (RFA) areas by recording multi-site extracellular activity in mice to obtain spectral power, functional and effective connectivity. We identified a significantly higher spectral power in β- and γ-bands in M1compared to PMC and similarly in mice CFA layers (L) 2/…
Nanoparticulate Systems for Drug Delivery and Targeting to the Central Nervous System
2010
Brain delivery is one of the major challenges for the neuropharmaceutical industry since an alarming increase in brain disease incidence is going on. Despite major advances in neuroscience, many potential therapeutic agents are denied access to the central nervous system (CNS) because of the existence of a physiological low permeable barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To obtain an improvement of drug CNS performance, sophisticated approaches such as nanoparticulate systems are rapidly developing. Many recent data demonstrate that drugs could be transported successfully into the brain using colloidal systems after i.v. injection by several mechanisms such as endocytosis or P-glycoprotei…
Revealing the unique features of each individual's muscle activation signatures
2021
International audience; There is growing evidence that each individual has unique movement patterns, or signatures. The exact origin of these movement signatures, however, remains unknown. We developed an approach that can identify individual muscle activation signatures during two locomotor tasks (walking and pedalling). A linear support vector machine was used to classify 78 participants based on their electromyographic (EMG) patterns measured on eight lower limb muscles. To provide insight into decision-making by the machine learning classification model, a layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) approach was implemented. This enabled the model predictions to be decomposed into relevance …
Multiple overseas dispersal in amphibians
2003
Amphibians are thought to be unable to disperse over ocean barriers because they do not tolerate the osmotic stress of salt water. Their distribution patterns have therefore generally been explained by vicariance biogeography. Here, we present compelling evidence for overseas dispersal of frogs in the Indian Ocean region based on the discovery of two endemic species on Mayotte. This island belongs to the Comoro archipelago, which is entirely volcanic and surrounded by sea depths of more than 3500 m. This constitutes the first observation of endemic amphibians on oceanic islands that did not have any past physical contact to other land masses. The two species of frogs had previously been tho…
Movement and the Practice of Meaning in Song
2009
This study intends to provide some evidence about the body involvement in the meaning production in song performance. It analyzes body actions that are not basic requirement for sound production, during the elaboration process of an interpretative performance of a work. These actions are observed in relation to structural and emotional-expressive content of the piece. A professional soprano sang an opera aria four successive times (as a rehearsal), making both technical and expressive adjustments and delineating a personal interpretation along the repetitions. Performances were filmed and micro-movements were analyzed assisted by Diglo 12.0 system. The analysis of the climax phrase of the a…
Behavioral and hippocampal evoked responses in an auditory oddball situation when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with deviant tones in the cat: …
1995
Event-related potentials (ERP) in the areas CA1, CA3 and dentate fascia (Df) of the hippocampal formation were recorded during an oddball situation in the cat. A rewarding electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (US) was paired with deviant tones (2500 Hz) that occurred randomly in a series of the standard tones (2000 Hz) given to the left ear. In addition to developing orienting head movements to the side of the deviant tones, an increase in the amplitude of parallel hippocampal ERPs was observed. Both the behavioral and neural responses appeared not until a 50 ms latency range. Furthermore, time-amplitude characteristics of the ERPs corresponded to time-acceleration characteris…
The frontal agranular cortex and the organization of purposeful movements
1985
A critical review of the traditional concepts of cortical association and motor areas is followed by a description of the functional organization and intrinsic and extrinsic cortical connectivity of the arcuate premotor area (APA). It is concluded that the frontal cortical organization of externally triggered purposeful movements is made possible by the associative character of Brodmann's area 6 and by its peculiar pattern of intra-areal connectivity.