Search results for "Mphi"
showing 10 items of 626 documents
Parasite-induced alteration of plastic response to predation threat: increased refuge use but lower food intake in Gammarus pulex infected with the a…
2014
6 pages; International audience; Larvae of many trophically-transmitted parasites alter the behaviour of their intermediate host in ways that increase their probability of transmission to the next host in their life cycle. Before reaching a stage that is infective to the next host, parasite larvae may develop through several larval stages in the intermediate host that are not infective to the definitive host. Early predation at these stages results in parasite death, and it has recently been shown that non-infective larvae of some helminths decrease such risk by enhancing the anti-predator defences of the host, including decreased activity and increased sheltering. However, these behavioura…
Multidimensionality in host manipulation mimicked by serotonin injection.
2014
Manipulative parasites often alter the phenotype of their hosts along multiple dimensions. ‘Multidimensionality’ in host manipulation could consist in the simultaneous alteration of several physiological pathways independently of one another, or proceed from the disruption of some key physiological parameter, followed by a cascade of effects. We compared multidimensionality in ‘host manipulation’ between two closely related amphipods, Gammarus fossarum and Gammarus pulex, naturally and experimentally infected with Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala), respectively. To that end, we calculated in each host–parasite association the effect size of the difference between infected and uninfect…
Evolutionary histories of symbioses between microsporidia and their amphipod hosts : contribution of studying two hosts over their geographic ranges.
2019
Title: Evolutionary histories of symbioses between microsporidia and their amphipod hosts : contribution of studying two hosts over their geographic ranges.Keywords: Symbioses, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Amphipods, Host-Parasite, MicrosporidiaAbstract: Microsporidia are obligate endoparasites, exploiting their hosts with either vertical or horizontal transmission. While the former may promote co-speciation and host-specificity, the latter may promote shifts between host species. Freshwater amphipods are hosts for many microsporidian species, but no general pattern of host specificity and co-diversification is known.In my PhD work microsporidian infections, identified with SSU rDNA, were ass…
Etude de l’infection la plante parasite Rhamphicarpa fistulosa en riziculture au Togo
2013
Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. is an annual facultative root-parasitic weed found in lowlands and floodplains in tropical Africa. It has been reported as the major constraint to rice cultivation in the savannah region of Togo. A survey was conducted in 2012 to access its distribution and to collect information on farmers' knowledge of its control. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa was found in 80% of the 33 visited lowlands. The period of abundance is in August-September when the highest infection (90%) was found on sandy and clay soils. When the parasite was present, 94 other weeds belonging to 24 botanical families were recorded. As management method, farmers use weeding and chemical fertil…
Infestation de Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hoschst.) Benth. en riziculture de bas-fonds au nord du Togo
2016
International audience; Le riz constitue de nos jours la base alimentaire de plus de 2,5 milliards de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne où sa demande ne cesse de croître. Pour faire face à cette demande qui dépasse souvent doublement les productions nationales, et pour diminuer ses importations sans cesse croissantes, le Togo à l’instar des pays ouest-Africains a élaboré un document stratégique qui mise sur l’extension et la productivité des rizières de bas-fond. Malheureusement, les bas-fonds rizicoles en Afrique tropicale sont souvent confrontés à la pression des adventices et plus particulièrement des adventices parasites de la famille des Orobanchaceae. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, plante h…
Role of the non-infective stage of the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhychus laevis on the behavioural manipulation of its amphipod intermediate host
2012
In trophically-transmitted parasites, exploitation strategies of the intermediate host have been selected, in a way increasing parasites transmission probabilities to their definitive host. Particularly, numerous parasites are able to alter their intermediate host behaviour, a phenomenon called ‘behavioural manipulation’. This manipulation only occurs when the parasite developmental stage (or larval stage) is infective for the definitive host. Before reaching this stage, the development of parasite larvae is not sufficiently advanced to allow establishment in the definitive host (this stage is thus called ‘non-infective’). Early transmission of a non-infective stage therefore implies parasi…
Étude de l'infection de la plante parasite Rhamphicarpa fistulosa en riziculture au Togo
2013
Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. is an annual facultative root-parasitic weed found in lowlands and floodplains in tropical Africa. It has been reported as the major constraint to rice cultivation in the savannah region of Togo. A survey was conducted in 2012 to access its distribution and to collect information on farmers’ knowledge of its control. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa was found in 80% of the 33 visited lowlands. The period of abundance is in August-September when the highest infection (90%) was found on sandy and clay soils. When the parasite was present, 94 other weeds belonging to 24 botanical families were recorded. As management method, farmers use weeding and chemical fertil…
Crustacés amphipodes de surface (Gammares d'eau douce)
2012
EA MERS CT3; National audience; L’ouvrage de Piscart & Bollache présente une clef de détermination actualisée des amphipodes de surface de la France métropolitaine. Les espèces natives et invasives sont décrites, avec une carte de la répartition de chaque espèce. L’ouvrage est agrémenté d’une partie décrivant l’écologie des amphipodes, leur comportement et leurs pathogènes les plus fréquemment rencontrés.
Could the acid-base status of Antarctic sea urchins indicate a better-than-expected resilience to near-future ocean acidification?
2015
13 pages; International audience; Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration alters the chemistry of the oceans towards more acidic conditions. Polar oceans are particularly affected due to their low temperature, low carbonate content and mixing patterns, for instance upwellings. Calcifying organisms are expected to be highly impacted by the decrease in the oceans' pH and carbonate ions concentration. In particular, sea urchins, members of the phylum Echinodermata, are hypothesized to be at risk due to their high-magnesium calcite skeleton. However, tolerance to ocean acidification in metazoans is first linked to acid–base regulation capacities of the extracellular fluids. No infor…
Geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes and geochronology of amphibole- and mica-bearing lamprophyres in northwestern Iran: Implications for mantle wedge het…
2015
Highlights • Northwestern Iranian lamprophyres have alkaline and calc-alkaline nature. • Studied lamprophyres are emplaced during Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene time. • Lamprophyres originated from different metasomatised lithospheric mantle. Abstract Lamprophyres of different age showing distinctive mineralogy, geochemistry and isotopic ratios are exposed in northwestern Iran. They can be divided into Late Cretaceous sannaite, Late Oligocene-Early Miocene camptonite (amphibole-bearing) and Late Miocene minette (mica-bearing) and spessartite (amphibole-bearing) lamprophyres. Sannaites have high-Ti amphibole along with high-Ti and Al clinopyroxene, and they are characterised by homogeneous …