Search results for "Multidisciplinary"
showing 10 items of 4640 documents
Adaptation to climate change of the French wine industry: a systemic approach – Main outcomes of the project LACCAVE
2018
Présenté au 12. Congreso Internacional Terroir; Taking into account the major economical role and specificities of the French wine industry, adaptation to climate change is a very challenging issue. In 2011, 23 research teams launched a systemic and multidisciplinary program to analyze the impacts from the vine to the region, to define adaptation strategies combining technical, spatial and organizational options and to evaluate the perception by the actors and consumers of climate change issues. Thermal variability was studied at local scale to develop high resolution atmospheric models which better simulate future climate trends. Impacts on growth/developmental conditions and vine response…
European catfish (Silurus glanis) as a freshwater apex predator drives ecosystem via its diet adaptability
2017
AbstractApex predators play a key role in ecosystem stability across environments but their numbers in general are decreasing. By contrast, European catfish (Silurus glanis), the European freshwater apex predator, is on the increase. However, studies concerning apex predators in freshwaters are scarce in comparison to those in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The present study combines stomach content and stable isotope analyses with diet preferences of catfish to reveal its impact on the ecosystem since stocking. Catfish niche width is extremely wide in comparison to the typical model predator, Northern pike (Esox lucius). Catfish and pike have different individual dietary specialization…
Barrier crossings and winds shape daily travel schedules and speeds of a flight generalist
2021
External factors such as geography and weather strongly affect bird migration influencing daily travel schedules and flight speeds. For strictly thermal-soaring migrants, weather explains most seasonal and regional differences in speed. Flight generalists, which alternate between soaring and flapping flight, are expected to be less dependent on weather, and daily travel schedules are likely to be strongly influenced by geography and internal factors such as sex. We GPS-tracked the migration of 70 lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) to estimate the relative importance of external factors (wind, geography), internal factors (sex) and season, and the extent to which they explain variation in trav…
Lobesia botrana larvae develop faster in the presence of parasitoids.
2013
3 pages; International audience; To combat parasitism hosts often rely on their immune system, which is the last line of defense. However, the immune system may not always be effective, and other non-immunological defenses might be favored to reduce the cost of parasite infection. Here we report that larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana can rapidly accelerate their development and reach maturity earlier in response to cues perceived at a distance from parasitoids. Such a phenotypically plastic life history shift, induced by the perception of deadly enemies in the environment, is likely to be an adaptive defensive strategy to prevent parasitoid attack, and has important implications in host-pa…
Effect of Vermicompost Extract and Vermicompost-Derived Humic Acids on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Hemp
2017
Abstract Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars grown for industrial use have recently emerged as a sustainable alternative source of industrial fibre and bioenergy, and is a highly valuable food and animal feed resource. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost extract, vermicompost mineral nutrient composition, and vermicompost-derived humic and fulvic acids on seed germination and growth of hemp seedlings. In general, separate application of all vermicompost components stimulated seed germination and hypocotyl and radicle growth, as well as increased chlorophyll concentration in cotyledons. Effective concentration range and the degree of stimulation varied sig…
Giant, unconventional anomalous Hall effect in the metallic frustrated magnet candidate, KV 3 Sb 5
2020
The anomalous Hall effect soars when Dirac quasiparticles meet frustrated magnetism.
Adaptive-gain extended Kalman filter: Extension to the continuous-discrete case
2009
In the present article we propose a nonlinear observer that merges the behaviors 1) of an extended Kalman filter, mainly designed to smooth off noise , and 2) of high-gain observers devoted to handle large perturbations in the state estimation. We specifically aim at continuous-discrete systems. The strategy consists in letting the high-gain self adapt according to the innovation. We define innovation computed over a time window and justify its usage via an important lemma. We prove the general convergence of the resulting observer.
Adaptive Fuzzy Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Microgyroscope
2019
This paper proposes a novel adaptive fuzzy super-twisting sliding mode control scheme for microgyroscopes with unknown model uncertainties and external disturbances. Firstly, an adaptive algorithm is used to estimate the unknown parameters and angular velocity of microgyroscopes. Secondly, in order to improve the performance of the system and the superiority of the super-twisting algorithm, this paper utilizes the universal approximation characteristic of the fuzzy system to approach the gain of the super-twisting sliding mode controller and identify the gain of the controller online, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the controller parameters. Simulation results verify the superiority a…
From metaphor to action : embodied language cognition
2016
Las teorias que tradicionalmente han tratado de explicar como la actividad cerebral da lugar a la cognicion se han servido de la metafora del ordenador para describir que el modo en que el cerebro procesa informacion es transformandola en un codigo de simbolos que pueden combinarse entre si siguiendo un conjunto finito de reglas. Sin embargo, recientes estudios, con paradigmas actualizados y ayudandose de las tecnicas de neuroimagen, nos muestran que las actividades cerebrales que registramos cuando observamos un cerebro implicado en alguna tarea cognitiva son las mismas que observariamos si ese cerebro se encontrase inmerso en el procesamiento perceptivo, motor o emocional de la informaci…
Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent
2019
Cattle were domesticated ∼10,000 years ago, but analysis of modern breeds has not elucidated their origins. Verdugo et al. performed genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern Bos taurus DNA samples. Several populations of ancient aurochs were progenitors of domestic cows. These genetic lineages mixed ∼4000 years ago in a region around the Indus Valley. Interestingly, mitochondrial analysis indicated that genetic material likely derived from arid-adapted Bos indicus (zebu) bulls was introduced by introgression.Science, this issue p. 173Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in mode…