Search results for "Multidrug-Resistant"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells of sesquiterpene lactones from the Turkish endemic plant Centaurea drabifolia subsp. detonsa
2017
The apolar organic extract obtained from aerial parts of Centaurea drabifolia Sibth. & Sm. subsp. detonsa (Bornm.) Wagenitz, growing wild in Turkey, was investigated for the first time for its secondary metabolite composition. Seven sesquiterpene lactones belonging to the guaiane class (1-7), including the new compound 4, along with a fatty acid lactone derivative (8), were isolated. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, with the stereostructure of the new guaiane 4 determined with the help of MTPA derivatization. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated against two cancer cell lines, namely acute…
Drug Susceptibility Patterns in MDR-TB Patients: Challenges for Future Regimen Design. A Cross-Sectional Study
2015
Globally, there is substantial concern regarding the challenges of treating complex drug resistance patterns in multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases. Utilising data from three different settings (Estonia, Latvia, Romania) we sought to contrast drug susceptibility profiles for multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases, highlight the difficulties in designing universal regimen, and inform future regimen selection. Demographic and microbiological surveillance data for multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases from 2004-13 were analysed. High levels of additional resistance to currently recommended second line drugs were seen in all settings, with extensive variability between countries. Accurate d…
Monitoring changes in anti-tuberculosis treatment: associated factors determined at the time of diagnosis
2013
OBJECTIVES: To determine predictive factors for changes in standard anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective study was performed among tuberculosis (TB) patients treated at specialised centres during 2008-2009. Treatment outcome was monitored per standard guidelines. Treatment was considered successful if the patient was cured or completed treatment. Factors associated with treatment modification were analysed at the bivariate and multivariate levels using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 427 patients were included in the study. The initial standard treatment regimen was retained for 249 patients (58.3%), extended to 9 months for 36 (8.4%) and …
Decreased Time to Treatment Initiation for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients after Use of Xpert MTB/RIF Test, Latvia
2016
This test decreased time to treatment initiation by 66%–84%.
Quantifying transmission fitness costs of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
2021
As multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) continues to spread, investigating the transmission potential of different drug-resistant strains becomes an ever more pressing topic in public health. While phylogenetic and transmission tree inferences provide valuable insight into possible transmission chains, phylodynamic inference combines evolutionary and epidemiological analyses to estimate the parameters of the underlying epidemiological processes, allowing us to describe the overall dynamics of disease spread in the population. In this study, we introduce an approach to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) phylodynamic analysis employing an existing computationally efficient mod…
Predicting resistant etiology in hospitalized patients with blood cultures positive for Gram-negative bacilli
2018
Abstract Objective To develop a risk-scoring tool to predict multidrug-resistant (MDR) etiology in patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods A prospective multicenter study analyzed patients with BSI hospitalized in 31 Internal Medicine wards in Italy from March 2012 to December 2012. Patients with BSI caused by MDR-GNB (non-susceptible to at least one agent in three antimicrobial categories) were compared to those with BSI due to susceptible GNB. A logistic regression to identify predictive factors of MDR-GNB was performed and the odds ratio (OR) were calculated. A score to predict the risk of MDR was developed. Results Of 533 BSI episodes, 2…
Learning From Mistakes: The Role of Phages in Pandemics
2021
The misuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and in the absence of available treatments, this has become a major global threat. In the middle of the recent severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which has challenged the whole world, the emergence of MDR bacteria is increasing due to prophylactic administration of antibiotics to intensive care unit patients to prevent secondary bacterial infections. This is just an example underscoring the need to seek alternative treatments against MDR bacteria. To this end, phage therapy has been proposed as a promising tool. However, further research in the field is mandatory to assure…
Surveillance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a neonatal intensive care unit: prominent role of cross transmission
2007
Background Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDRGN) are an important cause of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We conducted a 1-year prospective surveillance study in an NICU to assess the epidemiology of MDRGN among newborns and the relative importance of acquisition routes. Methods Neonates admitted at the NICU of the Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy, from January 7, 2003, to January 6, 2004, were included in the study. Colonization of patients with MDRGN was assessed by cultures of rectal swabs sampled twice a week. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine relatedness among MDRGN isolates. Extended-s…
Trend in rifampicin-, multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Italy, 2009-2016
2018
In Italy, rifampicin-resistant and MDR-TB were high in foreign-born persons, but decreased from 2009 to 2016
Implementation of A Year-Long Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in A 227-Bed Community Hospital in Southern Italy
2023
Background: Healthcare-Acquired Infections (HAIs) are serious healthcare complications affecting hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and costs. Root cause analysis has identified the inappropriate use of antibiotics as the main causative factor in the expansion of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in our hospital. An Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) program was implemented to optimize antibiotic use, limit the development of resistance, improve therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes, and reduce costs. Methods: The stewardship strategies were: antimicrobial oversight on “critical” antibiotics; the development of hospital guidelines on antibiotic selection with the production of a co…