Search results for "Muscle"
showing 10 items of 3397 documents
Myo-, neuro-, gastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE syndrome) due to partial deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase
1987
A 42-year-old woman had a 10-year history of external ophthalmoplegia, malabsorption resulting in chronic malnutrition, muscle atrophy and polyneuropathy. Computer tomography revealed hypodensity of her cerebral white matter. A metabolic disturbance consisted of lactic acidosis after moderate glucose loads with increased excretion of hydroxybutyric and fumaric acids. Post-mortem studies revealed gastrointestinal scleroderma as the morphological manifestation of her malabsorption syndrome, ocular and skeletal myopathy with ragged red fibers, peripheral neuropathy, vascular abnormalities of meningeal and peripheral nerve vessels. Biochemical examination of the liver and muscle tissues reveale…
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and familial polyposis of the colon.
1987
Inquiries to Manuel Diaz Llopis, M.D., Cl Cirilo Amoros No. 1 PTA 2, Valencia 46004, Spain. Familial polyposis of the colon is a dominant autosomal disorder that is characterized by hundreds and sometimes thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the entire colon, which begin in adolescence. Virtually all pa tients with familial polyposis develop carcino ma of the colon by age 50 years. A total colectomy should be carried out early in adult life in affected persons. Because of the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, an intensive sur vey of family members must be conducted. There is no phenotype biochemical abnormality or serologic marker that indicates whether a familial member will…
Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
2004
Recent advances have revealed significant differences in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. To determine whether different patterns of macrophage differentiation are a useful tool to delineate the major groups of inflammatory myopathies, the muscle biopsies of 11 patients with dermatomyositis and 12 patients with polymyositis were studied using different macrophage markers. In polymyositis, the early-activation markers MRP14 and 27E10 stained the majority of macrophages, which were recognized by the pan-macrophage marker Ki-M1P and which were located primarily in the endomysium. In dermatomyositis, macrophages predominantly expressed the late-activation marker 25F9 and were found …
Electromyographic evaluation of synergist muscles of the pelvic floor muscle depending on the pelvis setting in menopausal women: A prospective obser…
2019
Background: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training is recommended to increase their strength and endurance. Muscles which act synergistically with PFM are taken into consideration in the therapeutic management of weakened PFM. Research question: how does electromyography activity of the synergists muscle to PFM change concerning pelvis position and does the greater bioelectric activity of synergist muscles affect PFM function? Methods: A prospective, observational study evaluating the surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of selected synergist muscles of the PFM depending on the orientation of the pelvis. One hundred thirty-one menopausal women registered for the study were screened for incl…
Core muscle activation during dynamic upper limb exercises in women.
2012
Although several everyday functions and sporting activities demand controlled use of the abdominal and back muscles while working with the upper limbs, the activity of core muscles during dynamic upper limb exercises in the standing position has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine abdominal and back muscle activity during dynamic upper limb exercises while standing and to evaluate whether dynamic exercises are appropriate for strengthening muscles. The activation of the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus abdominis, longissimus, and multifidus muscles during dynamic bilateral or unilateral shoulder exercises with or without fixation of the …
Intensity- and muscle-specific fascicle behavior during human drop jumps.
2006
The present study was designed to examine fascicle-tendon interaction in the synergistic medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (Sol) muscles during drop jumps (DJ) performed from different drop heights (DH). Eight subjects performed unilateral DJ with maximal rebounds on a sledge apparatus from different DH. During the exercises, fascicle lengths (using ultrasonography) and electromyographic activities were recorded. The results showed that the fascicles of the MG and Sol muscles behaved differently during the contact phase, but the whole muscle-tendon unit and its tendinous tissue lengthened before shortening in both muscles. The Sol fascicles also lengthened before shortening during the g…
Cell Death and Oxidative Damage in Inflammatory Myopathies
1998
There is evidence that muscle fibers in denervating disorders and muscular dystrophies undergo apoptosis. In 21 patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathies, we found no features of muscle fiber apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation or expression of apoptosis-related proteins. However, muscle fibers in myositis displayed distinct up-regulation of inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). While inducible NOS was distinctly up-regulated on the sarcolemma of all kinds of muscle fibers neuronal NOS displayed increased expression in the sarcoplasm of damaged as well as atrophic muscle fibers. There were no disease-specific patterns in the different myositis subtypes. Enhanced express…
Lumbopelvic flexibility modulates neuromuscular responses during trunk flexion–extension
2016
Various stimuli such as the flexibility of lumbopelvic structures influence the neuromuscular responses of the trunk musculature, leading to different load sharing strategies and reflex muscle responses from the afferents of lumbopelvic mechanoreceptors. This link between flexibility and neuromuscular response has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lumbopelvic flexibility and neuromuscular responses of the erector spinae, hamstring and abdominal muscles during trunk flexion-extension. Lumbopelvic movement patterns were measured in 29 healthy women, who were separated into two groups according to their flexibility during trunk flexion-exten…
Stretch Reflex Responses Following Mechanical Stimulation in Power- and Endurance-Trained Athletes
1994
The basic stretch reflex responses evoked by the mechanical stimuli were investigated among different athletic groups. The tests were performed by a special ankle ergometer, which created dorsiflexion velocities from 25 deg x s-1 to 115 deg x s-1 around the ankle joint. The EMG activity of soleus (SO), gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was recorded with surface electrodes. In all subjects higher angular velocities caused higher stretch reflex responses. The endurance-trained athletes were more sensitive to the used stimuli than the power-trained athletes, because of their shorter latency times (43 +/- 7 ms vs 45 +/- 7 ms, p < 0.001 for the SO muscle and 40 +/- 8 ms vs 43…
Neuromuscular performance of lower limbs during voluntary and reflex activity in power- and endurance-trained athletes.
1994
Neural, mechanical and muscle factors influence muscle force production. This study was, therefore, designed to compare possible differences in the function of the neuromuscular system among differently adapted subjects. A group of 11 power-trained athletes and 10 endurance-trained athletes volunteered as subjects for this study. Maximal voluntary isometric force and the rate of force production of the knee extensor and the plantar flexor muscles were measured. In addition, basic reflex function was measured in the two experimental conditions. The power athletes produced higher voluntary forces (P<0.01-0.001) with higher rates for force production (P<0.001) by both muscle groups measured. U…