Search results for "Musculoskeletal"
showing 10 items of 1714 documents
Spontaneous electromechanical activity in the rat duodenumin vitro
1990
Isolated rat duodenum shows spontaneous mechanical and electrical activities. Mechanical activity consists in changes both in endoluminal pressure and in isometric tension. Electrical activity is characterized by slow waves with superimposed bursts. This spontaneous activity is tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistant and therefore it is myogenic in origin. Indeed, TTX pretreatment, even in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, caused an increase in amplitude and in frequency of the electrical and mechanical activities. This finding indicates the presence of tonically active inhibitory intramural non adrenergic, non cholinergic (NANC) nerves. Duodenal longitudinal strips showed a spontaneous mecha…
Assessment of impairments that limit exercise and use of impairment information to generate an exercise.
2007
Prescribing the correct exercise program is a challenge for older adults with multiple physiological impairments. The authors evaluated an assessment instrument that incorporates results of multiple categories of impairment, including strength, balance, gait, vision, and cognitive function. The physical therapist made judgments on the relative impact of 9 different impairments on specific exercises and on the total impact of all impairments on particular exercises. In a cohort age 75–85 y, functional limitations, impaired balance, pain, and low physical endurance were estimated to have the largest impact on the ability to carry out exercise activities, primarily walking, stair climbing, bal…
Streptozotocin diabetic mice display depressive-like behavior and alterations in the structure, neurotransmission and plasticity of medial prefrontal…
2015
Diabetes mellitus patients are at increased risk of developing depression, although the neurobiological bases of this comorbidity are not yet fully understood. These patients show CNS alterations, similar to those found in major depression, including changes in the structure and neurotransmission of excitatory neurons. However, although depressive patients and animal models also display alterations in inhibitory networks, little is known about the effects of diabetes on interneurons. Our main objective was to study the impact of diabetes on interneurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), one of the regions most affected by major depression. For this purpose we have induced diabetes wit…
Electromyostimulation Training Effects on Neural Drive and Muscle Architecture
2005
GONDIN, J., M., GUETTE, Y. BALLAY, and A. MARTIN. Electromyostimulation Training Effects on Neural Drive and Muscle Architecture. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1291–1299, 2005. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of 4 and 8 wk of electromyostimulation (EMS) training on both muscular and neural adaptations of the knee extensor muscles. Methods: Twenty males were divided into the electrostimulated group (EG, N 12) and the control group (CG, N 8). The training program consisted of 32 sessions of isometric EMS over an 8-wk period. All subjects were tested at baseline (B) and retested after 4 (WK4) and 8 (WK8) wk of EMS training. The EMG activity and mu…
Presynaptic nicotine receptors mediating a positive feed-back on transmitter release from the rat phrenic nerve.
1986
The effects of 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) and of nicotine receptor antagonists on [3H]acetylcholine release from the rat phrenic nerve preincubated with [3H]choline were investigated in the absence and presence of cholinesterase inhibitors (presynaptic effects). Additionally, the effects of hexamethonium and tubocurarine on the muscle contraction of the indirectly stimulated diaphragm were examined (postsynaptic effects). DMPP (1-30 microM) increased (76-92%), whereas hexamethonium (0.001-1 mM) and tubocurarine (1-10 microM) decreased (52-60%) the release of [3H]acetylcholine following a train of 100 pulses at 5 Hz. The release caused by a longer train (750 pulses at 5 Hz) was…
Increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity and impaired baroreflex control in isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder.
2021
Changes in baroreflex sensitivity have been reported in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to investigate the hypothesis that patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), known to be a prodromal stage for PD, will show abnormalities in baroreflex control.Ten iRBD patients were compared to 10 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Their cardiovascular parameters and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were evaluated at rest and during baroreflex stimulation.MSNA at rest was higher in iRBD patients (burst frequency [BF]: 44 ± 3 bursts/min; burst incidence [BI]: 60 ± 8 bursts/100 heartbeats) as compared to the controls (BF: 29 ±…
Sarcopenia, Diet, Physical Activity and Obesity in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The LifeAge Study
2021
The revised European consensus defined sarcopenia as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyse the influence of diet, physical activity (PA) and obesity index as risk factors of each criteria of sarcopenia. A total of 629 European middle-aged and older adults were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were assessed. Self-reported PA and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Preventi…
Relationships Between Physical Fitness, Demands of Flight Duty, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Military Pilots.
2015
Although the mechanisms of G-induced stresses on the spinal structure of military pilots are well understood, less is known about relationships between the intensity of physical activity, fitness, occupational musculoskeletal symptoms, and the degree of resulting disabilities. During an aeromedical examination, Finnish military pilots answered a questionnaire on their flying experience, the occurrence of flight duty-related pain, the degree of resulting disabilities, and the intensity of physical activity they conducted. 195 males were selected for further analysis. They were divided into three groups, designated high G, low G, and HQ, according to their current flight duty profile. 93% of …
Impaired neuromuscular transmission during partial inhibition of acetycholinest-erase: The of stimulus-induced antiromic backfiring in the generation…
1992
Neuromuscular transmission was studied in the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) partially inactivated. Enzyme inhibition resulted in (1) increased single-twitch tension of the diaphragm; (2) compound muscle action potential (CMAP) containing repetitive discharges; (3) stimulus-induced antidromic backfiring (SIAB) seen in the phrenic nerve; and (4) repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) eliciting a decrement-increment (D-I) phenomenon (i.e., amplitude reduction maximal with the second CMAP). Using a high-calcium and low-magnesium solution, SIAB and the decrement of the second CMAP during RNS were intensified, whereas closely spaced trains and (+)-tubocu…
Acoustics of snoring and automatic snore sound detection in children
2017
Objective Acoustic analyses of snoring sounds have been used to objectively assess snoring and applied in various clinical problems for adult patients. Such studies require highly automatized tools to analyze the sound recordings of the whole night's sleep, in order to extract clinically relevant snore- related statistics. The existing techniques and software used for adults are not efficiently applicable to snoring sounds in children, basically because of different acoustic signal properties. In this paper, we present a broad range of acoustic characteristics of snoring sounds in children (N = 38) in comparison to adult (N = 30) patients. Approach Acoustic characteristics of the signals we…