Search results for "Mylonite"
showing 10 items of 32 documents
Volume strain, strain type and flow path in a narrow shear zone
1998
This study explores the state of finite strain and changes in the mean kinematic vorticity number, grain size, whole-rock chemistry and mineralogy across an upper amphibolite-facies shear zone in a metadiorite, northern Malawi, east-central Africa. P–T conditions during shear-zone formation and deformation were approximately 700–750 °C and 5–7 kbar and are slightly less than P–T conditions for the regional peak of metamorphism. The major rock-forming minerals, plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, and quartz, were deformed by crystal-plastic processes accompanied by, except for hornblende, dynamic recrystallization. The modal abundance of all four major rock-forming minerals shows no systematic…
Riedel-shear control on the development of pennant veins: Field example and analogue modelling
2006
Abstract The wall rocks of a crustal scale sinistral ductile shear zone in Namibia, the Purros Mylonite Zone, contain two types of asymmetric quartz veins. Bedding surfaces contain sigmoidal quartz veins with limited thickness along their symmetry axes that can be classified as tension gashes. A second type of veins consists of a striated central fault vein separating pennant-type quartz filled terminations. The tips of these “pennant veins” have a different orientation to those of the tension gashes. Analogue experiments were carried out using a sheet of silicone powder suspended on a slab of poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS), both deformed in simple shear. These experiments produced open frac…
3D visualization of sheath folds in Ancient Roman marble wall coverings from Ephesos, Turkey
2014
Abstract Archaeological excavations and restoration of a palatial Roman housing complex in Ephesos, Turkey yielded 40 wall-decorating plates of folded mylonitic marble (Cipollino verde), derived from the internal Hellenides near Karystos, Greece. Cipollino verde was commonly used for decoration purposes in Roman buildings. The plates were serial-sectioned from a single quarried block of 1,25 m3 and provided a research opportunity for detailed reconstruction of the 3D geometry of meterscale folds in mylonitized marble. A GOCAD model is used to visualize the internal fold structures of the marble, comprising curtain folds and multilayered sheath folds. The sheath folds are unusual in that the…
High-Grade Mylonites
2009
High-grade mylonites are formed at temperatures above 650 °C. They are relatively uncommon, probably because their conservation is problematic. Most mylonites formed under these conditions would tend to fully recrystallise which destroys and masks the mylonitic structure. Mylonitic features are only preserved if grain growth is somehow inhibited in the rock, e.g. by its polymineralic nature.
Medium-Grade Mylonites
2009
The temperature range for the formation of this group of mylonites is approximately 500 to 650 °C. In medium-grade mylonites quartz is usually fully recrystallised, mainly by subgrain rotation, and has grown to a polygonal crystalloblastic fabric of strain free grains with an average grain size exceeding about 50 micrometers.
Shear Sense Indicators
2009
Many geologists study mylonites with the exclusive aim to determine the sense of shear. Obviously this is an important aspect, but it is important to study shear zones first, before shear sense determination is attempted. In order to deduce the correct sense of shear we recommend the following procedure (Fig. 9.1)
Protomylonite, Mylonite and Ultramylonite
2009
The objective of this chapter is to show how variation of strain intensity can be judged in thin section. Usually this kind of variation can best be observed in low-grade mylonites where the percentage of porphyroclasts decreases progressively with strain intensity. However, the percentage of matrix is highly dependent on mineralogical composition (e.g. quartz and biotite tend to convert to matrix readily). Compositional banding in gneiss can therefore result in mylonitic banding of apparent strain variation, which in fact only reflects variation in composition of the parent rock. Several examples of ultramylonite are derived from quartzitic rocks that tend to form few or no porphyroclasts …
Low-Grade Mylonites
2009
The temperature range for these mylonites is thought to be roughly between 250 and 500 °C. There is a gradual transition between cataclasites and low-grade mylonites. Whereas many feldspar porphyroclasts in low-grade mylonites still show fracturing by cataclasis, the quartz is usually deformed by crystal-plastic processes as shown by its change in shape and by undulose extinction. At increasing temperature bulging recrystallisation starts to manifest itself along the lobate contacts and eventually recrystallisation by subgrain rotation takes over (Chapter 10).
Fracture Shape and Orientation Contributions to P-Wave Velocity and Anisotropy of Alpine Fault Mylonites
2021
P-wave anisotropy is significant in the mylonitic Alpine Fault shear zone. Mineral- and texture-induced anisotropy are dominant in these rocks but further complicated by the presence of fractures. Electron back-scattered diffraction and synchrotron X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) data are acquired on exhumed schist, protomylonite, mylonite and ultramylonite samples to quantify mineral phases, crystal preferred orientations, microfractures and porosity. The samples are composed of quartz, plagioclase, mica and accessory garnet, and contain 3-5% porosity. Based on the micro-CT data, the representative pore shape has an aspect ratio of 5:2:1. Two numerical models are compared to calculate the…
Variscan evolution of the Tanneron Massif, SE France, examined through U-Pb monazite ages
2008
The Tanneron massif belongs to the southernmost segment of the Variscan belt in France and is composed of migmatitic orthogneisses and paragneisses cross-cut by a main tonalite–granite complex. Late Carboniferous detrital basins are bounded by north–south-trending ductile to brittle normal faults and delineate three distinct zones. Our new isotope dilution U–Pb monazite dating indicates a pre-Variscan history in the central part of the massif recorded by monazites from an orthogneiss yielding ages from 440 to 410 Ma, whereas monazites from a migmatitic paragneiss record a late Carboniferous high- T event at 317 ± 1 Ma. In the eastern part, a migmatization event is recorded by monazites from…