Search results for "MyoD"

Variable mode of estrus affects female decision for multiple mating

2011

Investigating patterns of variation in mating strategies may shed light on their evolutionary importance as well as their impact on the strength and shape of sexual selection. Multimale mating (polyandry) and mate choice are intensely studied subjects in the area of sexual selection, but little is known about intraspecific patterns of variation that may respond to dynamic cost-benefit balances. In a laboratory study, we investigated the mating behavior of female bank voles (Myodes glareolus) with distinctly different time and energy budgets: They were either in cycling estrus (CE) or postpartum estrus (PPE) shortly after delivery. Postpartum mating is highly constrained by time and energy d…

Exposure to radial extracorporeal shockwaves induces muscle regeneration after muscle injury in a surgical rat model

2019

The leading cause of training interruption in sport is a muscle injury, for which the standard treatment is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To find alternative treatments, we investigated whether the radial extracorporeal shockwave application (rESWT) could stimulate muscle regeneration. A lesion with complete rupture (grade III muscle tear) was set in the musculus rectus femoris of 12-week-old Wistar rats, and the NSAID diclofenac, rESWT, or a combined therapy were applied on day 0, 3, and 5 directly following the surgery. Rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery and the area of muscle lesion was excised for histological and gene expression analysis to determin…

A large panel of novel microsatellite markers for the bank vole (Myodes glareolus)

2008

We describe a set of 66 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the bank vole, Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus. These microsatellites were characterized for a long-term study on periodically fluctuating density of the bank vole population in Central Finland. We detected six to 38 alleles per locus in the population sampled at two different density phases, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.17 and 1.00, and between 0.72 and 0.95, respectively. This microsatellite panel serves as an informative tool for population and molecular genetic studies.

β1D Integrin Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Normal Myoblasts and Fibroblasts

1998

Integrins are alphabeta heterodimeric transmembrane receptors involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The beta1 integrin subunit is widely expressed in vivo and is represented by four alternatively spliced cytoplasmic domain isoforms. beta1D is a muscle-specific variant of beta1 integrin and a predominant beta1 isoform in striated muscles. In the present study we showed that expression of the exogenous beta1D integrin in C2C12 myoblasts and NIH 3T3 or REF 52 fibroblasts inhibited cell proliferation. Unlike the case of the common beta1A isoform, adhesion of beta1D-transfected C2C12 myoblasts specifically via the expressed integrin did not activate mitogen-activated pro…

The effects of Borrelia infection on its wintering rodent host

2022

AbstractIn seasonal environments, appropriate adaptations are crucial for organisms to maximize their fitness. For instance, in many species, the immune function has been noticed to decrease during winter, which is assumed to be an adaptation to the season’s limited food availability. Consequences of an infection on the health and survival of the host organism could thus be more severe in winter than in summer. Here, we experimentally investigated the effect of a zoonotic, endemic pathogen, Borrelia afzelii infection on the survival and body condition in its host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), during late autumn–early winter under semi-natural field conditions in 11 large outdoor enclos…

2016

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in their reservoir host populations is a prerequisite for predicting and preventing human disease epidemics. The human infection risk of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is highest in northern Europe, where populations of the rodent host (bank vole, Myodes glareolus) undergo cyclic fluctuations. We conducted a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study to monitor seasonal and multiannual patterns of the PUUV infection rate in bank vole populations exhibiting a 3-year density cycle. Infected bank voles were most abundant in mid-winter months during years of increasing or peak host density. Prevalence of PUUV infection in bank voles exhibited a regul…

Evolutionary Conflict Between Maternal and Paternal Interests: Integration with Evolutionary Endocrinology

2016

International audience; Conflict between mates, as well as conflict between parents and offspring are due to divergent evolutionary interests of the interacting individuals. Hormone systems provide genetically based proximate mechanisms for mediating phenotypic adaptation and maladaptation characteristic of evolutionary conflict between individuals. Testosterone (T) is among the most commonly studied hormones in evolutionary biology, and as such, its role in shaping sexually dimorphic behaviors and physiology is relatively well understood, but its role in evolutionary conflict is not as clear. In this review, we outline the genomic conflicts arising within the family unit, and incorporate m…

Do bank voles (Myodes glareolus) trapped in live and lethal traps show differences in tick burden?

2020

In studies assessing tick abundance, the use of live traps to capture and euthanize rodent hosts is a commonly used method to determine their burden. However, captive animals can experience debilitating or fatal capture stress as a result prior to collection. An alternative method is the use of lethal traps, but this can potentially lead to tick drop-off between the time of capture and collection. In this study, in order to determine whether subjecting animals to capture stress is inevitable, we tested the difference in sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) larval burdens between bank voles (Myodes glareolus) captured alive and euthanized, and lethally trapped bank voles. During 2017 and 2018, 1318 b…

High-elevational occurrence of two tick species, Ixodes ricinus and I. trianguliceps, at their northern distribution range

2021

Abstract Background During the last decades a northward and upward range shift has been observed among many organisms across different taxa. In the northern hemisphere, ticks have been observed to have increased their latitudinal and altitudinal range limit. However, the elevational expansion at its northern distribution range remains largely unstudied. In this study we investigated the altitudinal distribution of the exophilic Ixodes ricinus and endophilic I. trianguliceps on two mountain slopes in Norway by assessing larval infestation rates on bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Methods During 2017 and 2018, 1325 bank voles were captured during the spring, summer and autumn at ten trapping st…

Balancing selection maintains polymorphisms at neurogenetic loci in field experiments

2017

Most variation in behavior has a genetic basis, but the processes determining the level of diversity at behavioral loci are largely unknown for natural populations. Expression of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in specific regions of the brain regulates diverse social and reproductive behaviors in mammals, including humans. That these genes have important fitness consequences and that natural populations contain extensive diversity at these loci implies the action of balancing selection. In Myodes glareolus, Avpr1a and Oxtr each contain a polymorphic microsatellite locus located in their 5′ regulatory region (the regulatory region-associated microsatel…