Search results for "NCEP"

Analysis and synthesis with a three-component inferential system : Augmenting the explanatory scope of Conceptual Spaces

2017

The study introduces a model of analysis and synthesis, respective abductive and deductive reasoning, using the three-component inferential system, which is constituted by a perspective-relative augmentation of Gärdenfors’s theory of Conceptual Spaces (CS). A general formulation of Perspective, based on our earlier work, corresponds to prioritization among property dimensions. Instead of assuming one conceptual space as in the CS, a distinction is made between the high-dimensional description of the discourse/domain termed Ontospace, and the two-dimensional perspectival space onto which a Perspectiverelative hierarchical conceptualization is projected, referred to as the Perspectival Space.…

A Scale of Knowledge and Beliefs about Developmental Dyslexia: Scale Development and Validation

2014

Abstract The purpose of this study was to create and validate a scale measuring knowledge and beliefs regarding developmental dyslexia. A four-step procedure was followed to achieve this objective. A literature review generated a preliminary pool of 65 items. A group of 12 university teachers of learning disabilities read the items for content and face validity and offered comments. Based on their comments, some items were combined, and confusing items were changed or eliminated, which left a scale of 50 items, with the response options of true (V), false (F) or dont know (NS). Later, each participant, using a description of the scales, placed each item into one of the three subscales. An i…

Study of explicit instruction and structured inquiry methods on knowledge acquisition and conceptual change in science learning

2013

International audience; This study compares two pedagogical methods: explicit instruction and structured inquiry methods. We question the effectiveness of the two learning methods to acquire scientific knowledge and to modify learner conceptions. Do explicit instruction and structured inquiry methods have the same impact on the learning of science? If not, why?The results of this work show that explicit instruction and structured inquiry methods increase strongly acquisition of knowledge and improve weakness conception.So these two methods are same positive effects on acquisition of scientific knowledge but they are also the same negative results on evolution of conceptions because the conc…

Taidetta, vastustusta, leikkiä ja työtä? : lasten toimijuus 6-vuotiaiden teatteriprojektissa

2011

Evolution of scientific conceptions and knowledge among gymnasium pupils

2014

International audience; Two major models investigate the relationship between conceptions and knowledge: the KVP model of Clement and the structural model of Balacheff. In order to prove the necessity to shift the conceptions as claimed by Giordan’s allosteric model, it is important to study the evolution and the relationship between conceptions and knowledge. This research deals with the following questions: what sort of relationship can be established between conceptions and knowledge? What factor can make these two parameters evolve? This study was carried out on 45 pupils (two classrooms). It intended to collect conceptions and knowledge before and after science learning training. Indiv…

Automatic auditory and somatosensory brain responses in relation to cognitive abilities and physical fitness in older adults

2017

AbstractIn normal ageing, structural and functional changes in the brain lead to an altered processing of sensory stimuli and to changes in cognitive functions. The link between changes in sensory processing and cognition is not well understood, but physical fitness is suggested to be beneficial for both. We recorded event-related potentials to somatosensory and auditory stimuli in a passive change detection paradigm from 81 older and 38 young women and investigated their associations with cognitive performance. In older adults also associations to physical fitness were studied. The somatosensory mismatch response was attenuated in older adults and it associated with executive functions. So…

Brain Responses to Letters and Speech Sounds and Their Correlations With Cognitive Skills Related to Reading in Children

2018

Letter-speech sound (LSS) integration is crucial for initial stages of reading acquisition. However, the relationship between cortical organization for supporting LSS integration, including unimodal and multimodal processes, and reading skills in early readers remains unclear. In the present study, we measured brain responses to Finnish letters and speech sounds from 29 typically developing Finnish children in a child-friendly audiovisual integration experiment using magnetoencephalography. Brain source activations in response to auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli as well as audiovisual integration response were correlated with reading skills and cognitive skills predictive of reading…

Cognitive skills, self-beliefs and task interest in children with low reading and/or arithmetic fluency

2022

This study examined the identifiability and early cognitive and motivational markers of low reading and arithmetic fluency. Comparisons of these characteristics between Finnish third graders (n = 197) with low fluency in reading, arithmetic, or both revealed, first, that the majority of third graders with low arithmetic fluency showed low arithmetic skills already at first-grade spring, whereas children with low reading fluency were identified from the second-grade fall onward. Second, all groups with low fluency showed low rapid automatized naming and counting skills across the primary school years, while in other cognitive skills these groups showed different patterns. Third, all groups w…

Rats bred for low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity link obesity with brain inflammation and reduced structural plasticity of the hippocampus.

2021

Abstract BACKGROUND Increasing evidence shows obesity and poor metabolic health are associated with cognitive deficits, but the mechanistic connections have yet to be resolved. We studied rats selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity in order to test the association between low physical fitness, a genetic predisposition for obesity, and brain health. We hypothesized that low-capacity runner (LCR) rats with concurrently greater levels of adiposity would have increased hippocampal inflammation and reduced plasticity compared to the more physically fit high-capacity runner (HCR) rats. METHODS We examined markers for inflammation and brain plasticity in the hippocampi of LCR…

Activity level in left auditory cortex predicts behavioral performance in inhibition tasks in children

2022

Funding Information: We are grateful to Hanna-Maija Lapinkero, Suvi Karjalainen, Maria Vesterinen & Janne Rajaniemi for help with data collection and to Amit Jaiswal, Erkka Heinilä and Jukka Nenonen for their help with preprocessing and scripting. This work was supported by EU project ChildBrain (Horizon2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA) Innovative Training Network (ITN) – European Training Network (ETN), grant agreement no. 641652) and the Academy of Finland grant number 311877. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Sensory processing during development is important for the emerging cognitive skills underlying goal-directed behavior. Yet, it is not known how auditory processing in children is…