Search results for "NERVE"

A peek inside the neurosecretory brain throughOrthopedialenses

2008

The wealth of expression and functional data presented in this overview discloses the homeogene Orthopedia (Otp) as critical for the development of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system of vertebrates. Specifically, the results depict the up-to-date portrait of the regulation and functions of Otp. The development of neuroendocrine nuclei relies on Otp from fish to mammals, as demonstrated for several peptide and hormone releasing neurons. Additionally, the activity of Otp is essential for the induction of the dopaminergic phenotype in the hypothalamus of vertebrates. Recent insights into the pathways required for Otp regulation have revealed the implication of the main extracellular signal…

The laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis (LION) procedure to control intractable abdomino-pelvic neuralgia

2011

Objective. To present different aspects and advantages of the laparoscopic implantation of a peripheral nerve stimulator adjacent to the pelvic nerves, aimed at treating intractable pelvic neuralgia by means of neuromodulation - the laparoscopic implantation of neuroprothesis (LION) procedure. Materials and Methods. We report here a series of three patients with different types and etiologies of chronic pelvic neuralgia who underwent laparoscopy for implantation of a peripheral nerve stimulator for neuromodulation, the first for neuromodulation of the ilioinguinal and pudendal nerves, the second for neuromodulation of the sciatic nerve, and the third for neuromodulation of the sacral nerve …

Value of Neurostimulation Plus Laryngeal Palpation to Predict Postoperative Vocal Fold Motility.

2021

ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of intraoperative neuromonitoring through recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation and simultaneous laryngeal palpation (NSLP) in predicting postoperative vocal cord palsy and in providing useful information in the decision to perform a staged surgery in initially planned total thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed involving 552 patients for whom a total thyroidectomy was planned. In all patients, preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy was performed. The incidence of vocal cord palsy was calculated on 1104 nerves at risk. Results Sensitivity and specificity of NSLP were 0.9411 and…

Combined pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure in rats disturbs the myelination of optic axons.

2011

Aims: To analyse myelination and outgrowth of the optic axons in relation to the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of ethanol (EtOH) abuse during pregnancy. Methods: An experimental model of chronic EtOH exposure was developed in rats and their offspring by subjecting the dams to a liquid diet (35% of the daily total calories as either EtOH or maltose-dextrose nutritional controls (Con). Eyeballs and optic nerves were obtained at key developmental stages and processed for morphologic, immunocytochemical and immunoblotting procedures, using alternatively antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) or neurofilament (NF) protein, and image analysing. Results: A significant delay in onset…

The neuro-B cell link of peptidergic innervation in the Bursa Fabricii

1991

The Bursa Fabricii, restricted to birds, specifically provides the microenvironment for B-cell maturation. The presence of nerve fibers containing immunopotent neuropeptides in immune organs opens interesting perspectives on the understanding of neuroimmune communication. As an organ for the development of only B-lymphocytes is not known in mammals, the contribution of a peptidergic innervation to the microenvironment of B-cells is not known. Therefore, we studied the peptidergic innervation of the Bursa Fabricii as an organ of B-cell maturation. Four different neuropeptides were found in nerve fibers of the Bursa Fabricii: tachykinins (TK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin (GAL…

Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

1998

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be applied in different paradigms to obtain a measure of various aspects of cortical excitability. These different TMS paradigms provide information about different neurotransmitter systems, enhance our understanding about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions, and in the future may be helpful as a guide for pharmacological interventions. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) modulates cortical excitability beyond the duration of the rTMS trains themselves. Depending on rTMS parameters, a lasting inhibition or facilitation of cortical excitability can be induced. These effects can be demonstrated neurophysiologically or by combining rTMS…

2001

Little is known about somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from muscle stimulation compared to that from skin stimulation. The current study examined this issue in the full SEP spectrum (0 - 440 ms). The aims of the study were to (1) establish the dynamics of early to late latency SEPs from intramuscular stimulation in contrast to surface stimulation, (2) compare the effect of non-painful and painful stimuli on SEP latencies and amplitudes of the two methods, and (3) investigate to which extent these results can be shared between the median nerve innervated thenar site and ulnar nerve innervated hypothenar site. Stimuli were delivered (2 Hz) at a non-painful and a painful intensity above …

Effects of Age and Sex on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

2020

The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been reported as a non-invasive marker for intracranial pressure (ICP). Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether possible ONSD differences occur with age and sex in healthy and brain-injured populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and age on ONSD in healthy volunteers and patients with traumatic brain injury. We prospectively included 122 healthy adult volunteers (Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy), and compared age/sex dependence of ONSD to 95 adult patients (Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK) with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring intubation and invasive ICP monitoring. The two groups we…

Technique and value of gas and pantopaque cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle tumours

1971

The techniques of gas and Pantopaque cisternography are described, as well as the various advantages and disadventages of these methods. Patients without neurological signs in whom a small tumour is suspected in the region of the cerebellopontine angle should be examined with Pantopaque. The examination can be carried out as an outpatient procedure. If definite neurological signs are present, gas cisternography is preferable in order to demonstrate secondary displacements of the ventricular system as well as the tumour itself.

Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances transmitter output from the rat phrenic nerve.

1988

Abstract 1. Neurally-evoked output of newly synthesized [3H]-acetylcholine from the rat phrenic nerve was measured in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors. 2. Noradrenaline and isoprenaline enhanced neurally-evoked transmitter output markedly. Moreover, immediately after the application of noradrenaline the basal tritium efflux increased significantly. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mumol l-1) or atenolol (0.3 mumol l-1) completely prevented the stimulatory effect of noradrenaline and isoprenaline on evoked transmitter output. 4. The facilitatory effect of isoprenaline declined, when the exposure time was increased. This observation supports the assumption that beta-adrenoceptors…