Search results for "NERVE"
showing 10 items of 1683 documents
Neuroglobins from the Zebrafish Danio rerio and the Pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis
2001
Neuroglobin is a recently discovered respiratory, porphyrin-containing protein that is expressed in the brain of mouse and man. Here we show that neuroglobin is also present in the teleost fish. Complete cDNA sequences are reported from the pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis and the zebrafish Danio rerio. In addition, the neuroglobin gene of T. nigroviridis was sequenced, demonstrating the conservation of the B12.2, E11.0 and G7.0 introns plus the presence of an additional intron in the 5' noncoding region. The fish neuroglobins each comprise 159 amino acids and are 84.3% identical. Phylogenetic analyses show a basal position of the neuroglobins within the metazoan globin tree. An enhanced a…
Divergent Distribution in Vascular and Avascular Mammalian Retinae Links Neuroglobin to Cellular Respiration
2005
The visual function of the vertebrate retina relies on sufficient supply with oxygen. Neuroglobin is a respiratory protein thought to play an essential role in oxygen homeostasis of neuronal cells. For further understanding of its function, we compared the distribution of neuroglobin and mitochondria in both vascular and avascular mammalian retinae. In the vascular retinae of mouse and rat, oxygen is supplied by the outer choroidal, deep retinal, and inner capillaries. We show that in this type of retina, mitochondria are concentrated in the inner segments of photoreceptor cells, the outer and the inner plexiform layers, and the ganglion cell layer. These are the same regions in which oxyge…
Selective Sacral Nerve Blockade for the Treatment of Unstable Bladders
1987
38 patients with severe urge or urge incontinence, who did not respond to conservative therapy, were treated with selective sacral nerve blockade using a local anesthetic (bupivacaine). 6 patients of this group had definite selective sacral denervation with phenol. In 31 patients a urodynamic study was done previous to the sacral nerve block as well as 10 and 90 min after the injection. Within the first 2-7 weeks the success rate was about 70% in regard to bladder capacity and mean volume at first desire to void. On long-term follow-up (greater than 7 months), the success rate decreased to about 16%. Only 1 patient of the phenol group still has complete detrusor areflexia for now more than …
Sonographische Verlaufskontrolle nach experimenteller Muskeldenervierung
2008
AIM: To describe sonographical results following acute, experimental muscle denervation. METHOD: Denervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles was performed in 28 New Zealand white rabbits by segmental resection of the suprascapular nerve. The changes in the sonographic image of the muscles were follow up and documented at short intervals over 2 months. RESULTS: The sonographically detectable changes following denervation follow a definite pattern. In addition to the reduction in muscle diameter, sonographical signs of denervation include an increase of echodensity and an inhomogeneity of echotexture that appeared on day 14 after injury and became more prominent at larger inter…
Clinical neurophysiology and imaging of nerve injuries: preoperative diagnostic work-up and postoperative monitoring
2015
Peripheral nerve injuries are a heterogeneous group of lesions that may occurs secondary to various causes. Several different classifications have been used to describe the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the clinical deficit, from simple and reversible compression-induced demyelination, to complete transection of nerve axons. Neurophysiological data localize, quantify, and qualify (demyelination vs . axonal loss) the clinical and subclinical deficits. High-resolution ultrasound can demonstrate the morphological extent of nerve damage, fascicular echotexture (epineurium vs . perineurium, focal alteration of the cross-section of the nerve, any neuromas, etc. ), and the surrounding t…
Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Denervated Muscle
1986
The possibilities of noninvasive treatment in peripheral nerve injuries are limited. Although it is well known that the severance of a nerve results in paralysis of the dependent tissue, the methods of treating a denervated muscle are still controversial. The most obvious result of denervation is muscle atrophy and paralysis. In 1841 Reid forced the denervated muscle to contract by electrical stimulation to replace the loss of activity and observed that this treatment retarded atrophy. Since then, there has been continuing interest in preventing muscle atrophy with electrotherapy. Peripheral nerve injuries in the two world wars were, for instance, extensively treated with electrical stimula…
Desmoplastic melanoma may mimic a cutaneous peripheral nerve sheath tumor: Report of 3 challenging cases
2017
Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) and cutaneous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) reveal histological and immunohistochemical similarities, including S100 positivity and negative staining for conventional melanocytic markers. We present 3 cases of cutaneous S100-positive spindle cell tumors in elderly patients, in which first findings led to initial misdiagnoses as cutaneous MPNST and benign peripheral sheath nerve tumor (neurofibroma). The identification of adjacent atypical melanocytic hyperplasia in the overlying skin along with tumor cell proliferation, also in the superficial dermis, the neurotropic component and the absence of any relationship between the tumor and a major ner…
Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease
2005
Context: The perception of pain due to an acute injury or in clinical pain states undergoes substantial processing at supraspinal levels. Supraspinal, brain mechanisms are increasingly recognized as playing a major role in the representation and modulation of pain experience. These neural mechanisms may then contribute to interindividual variations and disabilities associated with chronic pain conditions. Objective: To systematically review the literature regarding how activity in diverse brain regions creates and modulates the experience of acute and chronic pain states, emphasizing the contribution of various imaging techniques to emerging concepts. Data Sources: MEDLINE and PRE-MEDLINE s…
Agreement among 3 optical imaging methods for the assessment of optic disc topography.
2005
Purpose To assess the agreement of disc topography measurements between the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT II), Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA), and Optical Coherence Tomograph (StratusOCT). Design Observational cross-sectional study. Participants Forty-two randomly chosen eyes of 42 subjects. Methods Each subject underwent HRT II, RTA, and StratusOCT examination. Two experienced examiners drew the contour lines for the HRT II and RTA. Bland and Altman plots were used to evaluate agreement for each topographic parameter among the instruments. The Spearman coefficient of rank correlation was evaluated for each topographic parameter. Main Outcome Measures Agreement in the measurement of op…
Vascular Third Nerve Compression—A Possible Cause of Episodic Vertical Diplopia?
2006
We report a 74-year-old man with a 2-year history of episodes of vertical diplopia. In the beginning, there was one episode every 2–3 months, which increased over time to an average of one episode every 2 weeks. These complaints were attributed to an MRI-documented vascular third nerve compression. Treatment with gabapentin (400 mg q.i.d.) was followed by cessation of episodic diplopia.