Search results for "NEUROSCIENCE"

Brain Aging in Insects

1986

The role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the modulation of homeostatic mechanisms and the aging process especially in mammals, has been well investigated by several authors (Blumenthal 1970, Ordy and Brizzee 1975, Hoffmeister and Muller 1979, Samorajski 1980, Buschmann 1982, Hoyer 1982, Frolkis et al. 1984). In insects the crucial role of the CNS in developmental processes is well established; however, it is an open question whether the brain also governs the aging processes.

Pathophysiology of Grey Matter Affection in MS

2021

Mechanisms of Cell-Volume Regulation in the Central Nervous System

2017

Function and viability of every cell is dependent on the proper control of its shape and volume. In the brain, which is protected by a rigid outer shell, cell-volume regulation is of particular importance, since large volume changes affect cerebral perfusion and, hence, function. Neuronal activation leads to constant changes of the ionic and metabolic composition of the brain’s extracellular space. These changes are buffered by astrocytes on the expense of constant changes in cell volume. Under pathological conditions, the ability of astrocytes to maintain the homeostasis of the brain is overwhelmed and permanent cell swelling, cytotoxic edema, occurs. The current chapter describes the prin…

BrdU is not a reliable label for transplanted cells in the central nervous system

2006

Author response: Electrical activity controls area-specific expression of neuronal apoptosis in the mouse developing cerebral cortex

2017

What is the amygdala? A comparative approach.

1999

Serotonin modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry: therapeutic implication for Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders

2008

Several recent studies have emphasized a crucial role for the interactions between serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in movement control and the pathophysiology of basal ganglia. These observations are supported by anatomical evidence demonstrating large serotonergic innervation of all the basal ganglia nuclei. In fact, serotonergic terminals have been reported to make synaptic contacts with both substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons and their terminal areas such as the striatum, the globus pallidus and the subthalamus. These brain areas contain a high concentration of serotonin (5-HT), with the substantia nigra pars reticulata receiving the greatest input. In this chapter, the d…

Pathomorphology of hereditary sensory neuropathies

1995

Currently, the hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN) — because of the involvement of the autonomic system recently called HSAN — comprise types I–V predicated on clinical differences. This classification of HSAN I–V seems to be uncontested, at the present time. Morphologically, individual forms I–V only differ in the non-specific loss or lack of myelinated and unmyelinated nerves in varying degrees in that in HSAN II large myelinated axons are most affected, in HSAN IV unmyelinated axons are almost absent; but each HSAN is considered an axonal type of neuropathy. Early onset, slow or no progression of the neuropathic process, and little or no evidence of ongoing degeneration suggest maldeve…

SSI 2016 43rd Scandinavian Society for Immunology Meeting Turku, Finland 10-13 May 2016

2016

Brain Structure MR Imaging Methods: Morphometry and Tractography

2013

Brain morphology is in constant change from the very beginning of the neurodevelopment in human beings. The characterization of the brain morphology and its biological implications on a specific subject is a complex task which requires efficient computational approaches. Radiology has traditionally assessed the main brain changes in different alterations from a macroscopic point of view, thus, not considering subtle changes as a results of neuronal plasticity. In conjunction with functional information, the structural neuroimaging methods have established as the key in the diagnosis of several central nervous system disorders, including tumours, neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric d…