Search results for "NEUROSCIENCE"
showing 10 items of 8040 documents
A Review of Occlusion as a Tool to Assess Attentional Demand in Driving
2021
Objective The aim of this review is to identify how visual occlusion contributes to our understanding of attentional demand and spare visual capacity in driving and the strengths and limitations of the method. Background The occlusion technique was developed by John W. Senders to evaluate the attentional demand of driving. Despite its utility, it has been used infrequently in driver attention/inattention research. Method Visual occlusion studies in driving published between 1967 and 2020 were reviewed. The focus was on original studies in which the forward visual field was intermittently occluded while the participant was driving. Results Occlusion studies have shown that attentional demand…
Mielocintilografia com RIHSA no diagnóstico de processos patológicos intra-raqueanos
1968
O estudo de 214 mielocintilografias feitas em 200 pacientes permitiu aos autores chegar às seguintes conclusões: 1) a mielocintilografia com RIHSA - 131I oferece novas possibilidades no campo do diagnóstico neurológico, principalmente no que tange aos processos expansivos, inflamatorios e malformações, sendo limitadas suas possibilidades no diagnóstico de hérnias dos núcleos pulposos; 2) a mielocintilografia não substitui métodos mielográficos convencionais, os dois métodos devendo ser usados de maneira a se completarem; 3) há casos em que a mielocintilografia com RIHSA apresenta vantagem sobre a mielografia com os meios de contraste positivos, principalmente no diagnóstico de aracnoidites,…
Why Do Subjective Vertigo and Dizziness Persist over One Year after a Vestibular Vertigo Syndrome?
2009
The overlap and interlinkage of dizzy symptoms in patients with psychiatric and vestibular vertigo/dizziness disorders is the subject of an ongoing debate. In a one-year follow up in 68 patients with vestibular vertigo syndromes, the persistency of vertigo and dizziness symptoms was examined and correlated with vestibular parameters and results from a psychiatric evaluation. Patients with vestibular migraine showed poorest improvement of vertigo and dizziness symptoms over time. In addition, patients who developed anxiety or depressive disorder after the onset of the vestibular disorder showed poor improvement and high persistency of symptoms.
Effect of Varying Levels of Glare on Contrast Sensitivity Measurements of Young Healthy Individuals Under Photopic and Mesopic Vision
2018
Contrast sensitivity (CS), the ability to detect small spatial changes of luminance, is a fundamental aspect of vision. However, while visual acuity is commonly measured in eye clinics, CS is often not assessed. At issue is that tests of CS are not highly standardized in the field and that, in many cases, optotypes used are not sensitive enough to measure graduations of performance and visual abilities within the normal range. Here, in order to develop more sensitive measures of CS, we examined how CS is affected by different combinations of glare and ambient lighting in young healthy participants. We found that low levels of glare have a relatively small impact on vision under both photopi…
Application of Supervised Machine Learning for Behavioral Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Electrodermal Activity and Virtual Reality
2020
[EN] Objective: Sensory processing is the ability to capture, elaborate, and integrate information through the five senses and is impaired in over 90% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD population shows hyper¿hypo sensitiveness to sensory stimuli that can generate alteration in information processing, affecting cognitive and social responses to daily life situations. Structured and semi-structured interviews are generally used for ASD assessment, and the evaluation relies on the examiner¿s subjectivity and expertise, which can lead to misleading outcomes. Recently, there has been a growing need for more objective, reliable, and valid diagnostic measures, such as biomar…
Visual and postural eye-height information is flexibly coupled in the perception of virtual environments.
2021
We conducted two experiments to investigate how observers integrate postural and visual eye-height information when estimating the layout of interior space. In Experiment 1, we varied postural and visual eye-height information independently of each other in a virtual-reality setup. Observers estimated the width, depth, and height of simulated rooms. All dimensions were perceived as larger when the virtual visual eye-height corresponded to sitting on the floor as compared with standing upright. In contrast, the estimates remained widely unaffected by the observer's physical posture (likewise sitting vs. standing). In Experiment 2, we studied effects of the viewing condition (real vs. virtual…
Cortical and subcortical visual event-related potentials to oddball stimuli in rabbits
2000
We applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to induce interference on visuo-spatial perception in 11 healthy subjects. Subjects performed a visuo-spatial task requiring judgements about the symmetry of prebisected lines. Visual stimuli consisted of symmetrically or asymmetrically transected lines, tachystoscopically presented for 50 ms on a computer-monitor. Performance was examined in basal condition and during rTMS trains of 10 stimuli at 25 Hz, delivered through a focal coil over right or left posterior parietal cortex (P5 and P6 sites) and triggered synchronously with visual stimulus. Randomly intermixed sham rTMS trains were employed to control for non-speci…
Voluntary and Involuntary Attention in Bistable Visual Perception: A MEG Study
2020
In this study, voluntary and involuntary visual attention focused on different interpretations of a bistable image, were investigated using magnetoencephalography (MEG). A Necker cube with sinusoidally modulated pixels' intensity in the front and rear faces with frequencies 6.67 Hz (60/9) and 8.57 Hz (60/7), respectively, was presented to 12 healthy volunteers, who interpreted the cube as either left- or right-oriented. The tags of these frequencies and their second harmonics were identified in the average Fourier spectra of the MEG data recorded from the visual cortex. In the first part of the experiment, the subjects were asked to voluntarily control their attention by interpreting the cu…
SVC Is a Marker of Respiratory Decline Function, Similar to FVC, in Patients With ALS
2019
Copyright © 2019 Pinto and de Carvalho. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
New frontiers in anticoagulation: non vitamin-K oral anticoagulants in stroke prevention
2016
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Non vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are direct and specific inhibitors of the coagulation factors IIa (dabigatran) and Xa (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban) which share many pharmacokinetic properties. However, indications are lacking regarding the use of NOACs during thrombolysis, surgery and bleeding events.Areas covered: In this paper, the authors retrospectively analyzed the relevant literature on the NOACs using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.Expert commentary: Although warfarin is effective in cardioembolic stroke prevention, easier handling and more favorable risk-benefit profile often render NOACs a more preferable therapy choice for neurologists.…