Search results for "NEUROSCIENCE"
showing 10 items of 8040 documents
Mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation does not exacerbate central fatigue during subsequent whole-body endurance exercise
2015
International audience; It has been shown that the mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation increases perception of effort and reduces performance during subsequent endurance exercise. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these negative effects of mental fatigue are unclear. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mental fatigue exacerbates central fatigue induced by whole-body endurance exercise. Twelve subjects performed 30 min of either an incongruent Stroop task to induce a condition of mental fatigue or a congruent Stroop task (control condition) in a random and counterbalanced order. Both cognitive tasks (CTs) were followed by a whole-body …
Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. A Preliminary Study
2022
Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have recently been proposed as promising biomarkers in different immune-mediated disorders. We evaluated the plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in a patients’ cohort with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Plasma concentrations of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were evaluated in 14 patients with generalized MG and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The severity of disease was assessed by the modified Osserman classification. Results: Compared to the healthy subjects, MG patients had increased plasma concentrations of MMP-9, but redu…
Unsupervised representation learning of spontaneous MEG data with nonlinear ICA
2023
Funding Information: We wish to thank the reviewers and editors for the useful comments to improve the paper a lot. We thank Dr. Hiroshi Morioka for the useful discussion at the beginning of the project. L.P. was funded in part by the European Research Council (No. 678578 ). A.H. was supported by a Fellowship from CIFAR, and the Academy of Finland. The authors acknowledge the computational resources provided by the Aalto Science-IT project, and also wish to thank the Finnish Grid and Cloud Infrastructure (FGCI) for supporting this project with computational and data storage resources. | openaire: EC/H2020/678578/EU//HRMEG Resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data show complex but stru…
Nicotinic receptor agonists as neuroprotective/neurotrophic drugs. Progress in molecular mechanisms
2007
In the present work we reviewed recent advances concerning neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects of acute or chronic nicotine exposure, and the signalling pathways mediating these effects, including mechanisms implicated in nicotine addiction and nAChR desensitization. Experimental and clinical data largely indicate long-lasting effects of nicotine and nicotinic agonists that imply a neuroprotective/neurotrophic role of nAChR activation, involving mainly alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR agonists. Compounds interacting with neuronal nAChRs have the potential to be neuroprotective and treatment with nAChR agonists elicits long-lasting neurotrophic e…
The medial amygdala as a key neural centre in maternal aggression: genetic, neural and behavioural analyses
2019
In rodents, as macrosmatic animals, chemosensory processing plays an instrumental role in guiding the expression of social, sexual and maternal behaviours. Social odours and pheromones are processed by the main and the accessory olfactory systems, which information converge mainly in the medial amygdala (Me). The Me, in turn, plays a central role in the vomeronasal–sensorimotor integration that leads to specific behavioural responses such as the above-mentioned social and maternal behaviours. Maternal behaviour comprises physiological and behavioural adaptations that help the dams to successfully raise their offspring. This behaviour is expressed in a wide range of vertebrate species and ca…
Haha moments : applying brain research to technology design
2018
Mood problems are very damaging and far-reaching, affecting millions of people worldwide. More attempts should have been made by design researchers to form innovative and feasible design concepts, against current technological background, to produce practical technical artifacts to solve the issue. This monograph focuses on Design Science research and its collaboration with Neuroscience to seek ways to help people with negative moods, depression in particular. Humor, exerting positive influences on both physical and mental health and impacting every aspect concerning social interactions, is worth investigating. Studies on the cognitive processing mechanism of humor appreciation provide know…
Olfactory neurons activity and olfactory perception are modulated by anorectic peptides, insulin and leptin
2010
International audience; Cf. www.achems.org/files/public/BookmarkedAbstractsFINAL.pdf
Brain. Broad Research In Artificial Intelligence And Neuroscience-To What Extent Is Free Will Actually Free? The Answer Of Neurosciences
2018
Even though at the beginning of the 1980s the results of the first neuroscience experiments made some researchers label free will as an "illusion", researches of recent years have unexpectedly changed this perspective. It is raised the issue of post-classical, post-dualistic views in which free will can no longer be regarded as an "all-or-nothing" phenomenon, and in which freedom itself is paradoxically redefined as an unconscious predetermination out of an infinite number of options. The present paper summarizes the perspectives on free will generated by the first experiments in neuroscience and aims to find an answer regarding the freedom of choice, taking into account the latest scientif…
Inteligencji wieki stare i nowe [Rec. David Adam: Ukryty geniusz. Pigułki na rozum, hakerzy mózgu i sekrety inteligencji. Kraków 2020]
2020
Książka Ukryty geniusz. Pigułki na rozum, hakerzy mózgu i sekrety inteligencji Davida Adama to pozycja wpisująca się w trend wydawniczy do publikowania książek przez znanych i cenionych historyków i popularyzatorów nauki, jak np. Niall Ferguson, Youval Noah Harari czy Bill Bryson. Autor, z wykształcenia chemik, zabiera czytelnika w podróż po historii badań ludzkiej inteligencji. W książce sporo miejsca poświęcono także serii eksperymentów, którym — na potrzeby publikacji — autor sam się poddał. Wnioski, jakie wyciągnął zarówno z przeszłości, jak i teraźniejszości, skłoniły go do stwierdzenia, że przyszłość należy do rewolucji neuronaukowej.
MALE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: INTEGRATION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROSCIENTIFIC DATA AND THEIR USE IN FORENSIC EVALUATION FOR THE JUDGMENTS
2020
Human growth and development, starting from conception, are characterized by a progressive increase in body and organ dimensions, as well as specific functional maturity, under the influence of genetic as well as environmental and epigenetic determinants. Beyond a possible normal familial trait, increased fetal growth resulting in a large for gestational age newborn, isolated macrosomia or that associated with congenital malformation, can be attributable to both maternal metabolic and genetic pathology. Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by excessive tissue development often concomitant to neurodevelopmental involvement. Recently, an increased risk of f…