Search results for "NORADRENALINE"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
Plasma noradrenaline and the pressor action of exogenous noradrenaline in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension.
1978
1. An inverse relationship was found between plasma noradrenaline and reactivity to exogenous noradrenaline in normotensive subjects. 2. The relationship between plasma noradrenaline and reactivity was disturbed in age-matched patients with essential hypertension. 3. A multiple-regression analysis showed a highly significant correlation between adrenergic activity and reactivity to noradrenaline and the mean arterial blood pressure level (r = 0·91). The results suggest that adrenergic activity and pressor response to noradrenaline combined are important determinants of arterial blood pressure. 4. An inverse relationship could also be demonstrated between plasma renin activity and reactivity…
Sympathetic nervous activity and the pressor effect of noradrenaline under chronic?-?-adrenoceptor blockade with labetalol in hypertension
1983
In 14 patients with essential hypertension, the influence of the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug labetalol on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin, plasma noradrenaline and pressor effect of exogenous noradrenaline was investigated during long-term treatment. During the initial four weeks of treatment, labetalol at a dose of 400 mg/day showed a slight effect only on supine blood pressure, whereas upright blood pressure was already lowered effectively after the second week of treatment (p less than 0.01). An increase in the mean dose to 850 mg/day had an additional blood pressure-lowering effect (p less than 0.001), whereby a preferential decrease of the orthostatic blood pres…
The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes.
2006
Contains fulltext : 35205.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, starting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood in the majority of cases. Family and twin studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and candidate gene association studies have identified several loci that exert small but significant effects on ADHD. To provide further clarification of reported associations and identify novel associated genes, we examined 1,038 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 51 candidate genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter pathways, particularly dopamine, nor…
Modification of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters in frontal cortex and hippocampus by dietary trans alpha linolenic acid in piglets
2002
International audience; The effect of partial isomerization of dietary α-linolenic acid on the monoaminergic neurotransmitters in piglets was studied. After feeding the animals for 14 days with diets containing or not trans α-linolenic acid, neurotransmitters related to the monoaminergic function were quantified in the frontal cortex and in the hippocampus. The partial isomerization of dietary α-linolenic acid resulted in increasing endogenous monoamine levels in the frontal cortex (+55% for dopamine) and was related to a very low incorporation of trans polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, feeding animals with a diet in which the imbalance generated by the isomerization of α-linolenic acid…
From the Golgi-Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: Wiring a…
2007
After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS. Furthermore, the ascending raphe serotonin neuron systems were found to globally innervate the forebrai…
Prenatal diazepam exposure functionally alters the GABA(A) receptor that modulates [3H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes.
2002
In rats, exposure to diazepam (DZ) during the last week of gestation is associated with behavioral alterations (in some cases sexually dimorphic) that appear when the animals reach adulthood. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of prenatal DZ exposure on the function of the gamma-aminobutyric (GABA)(A) receptor complex. The method used - perfusion of rat hippocampal nerve terminals labeled with [3H]noradrenaline (NA) - allowed us to evaluate the effects of DZ on a specific native GABA(A) receptor subtype which is located on hippocampal noradrenergic nerve endings and mediates the release of NA. Muscimol stimulated synaptosomal release of [3H]NA in a concentration-dependent mann…
Modulation of high impulsivity and attentional performance in rats by selective direct and indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists
2011
Rationale Impulsivity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, most notably attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drugs that augment catecholamine function (e.g. methylphenidate and the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine) have clinical efficacy in ADHD, but their precise mechanism of action is unclear. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) to the therapeutic effects of clinically effective drugs in ADHD using rats selected for high impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). Methods We examined the effects of direct and indirect DA and NA rec…
Role of calcineurin in Ca2+-induced release of catecholamines and neuropeptides
1998
Neurotransmission requires rapid docking, fusion, and recycling of neurotransmitter vesicles. Several of the proteins involved in this complex Ca2+-regulated mechanism have been identified as substrates for protein kinases and phosphatases, e.g., the synapsins, synaptotagmin, rabphilin3A, synaptobrevin, munc18, MARCKS, dynamin I, and B-50/GAP-43. So far most attention has focused on the role of kinases in the release processes, but recent evidence indicates that phosphatases may be as important. Therefore, we investigated the role of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin in exocytosis and subsequent vesicle recycling. Calcineurin-neutralizing antibodies, which blocke…
Nicotine receptors do not modulate the 3H-noradrenaline release from the isolated rat heart evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation.
1982
Isolated rat hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were perfused at a constant flow rate of 7 ml/min with Tyrode's solution. (-)-3H-Noradrenaline (final concentration 10–13.9 nM) was infused for 10 min to label the noradrenaline stores. After wash-out the sympathetic nerves were stimulated electrically (3 Hz, 180 impulses, 1 ms, 20–30 mA) three times (S1–S3) at intervals of 15 min. 3H-Noradrenaline and its metabolites were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to Graefe et al. (1973). Both, nicotine 50 μM and p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium (PAPETA) 30 μM, enhanced the 3H-noradrenaline overflow in the absence of nerve stimulation. The effect of PAPETA was bipha…
Die Wirkung von Ouabain auf die Elimination von Noradrenalin aus der Perfusionsfl�ssigkeit des isolierten Kaninchenherzens
1966
Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode solution containing 10 ng/ml (-)-noradrenaline for 20 min. The uptake by the heart of noradrenaline was calculated by estimating the percentage of amine removed from the perfusion fluid during a single passage through the heart. Previous experiments have shown that the amount of noradrenaline removed from the perfusion fluid corresponds well to the amount retained by the heart. In control experiments, the mean removal (elimination) of noradrenaline was 50±1.7% of the amount infused as measured biologically and 46±2.2% as measured fluorimetrically. Ouabain was added to the perfusion fluid at concentrations ranging from 2.74·10−7 to 2.0·10−6 mo…