Search results for "NUtrition."
showing 10 items of 6650 documents
Differential expression and costs between maternally and paternally derived immune priming for offspring in an insect
2011
1. When parasitized, both vertebrates and invertebrates can enhance the immune defence of their offspring, although this transfer of immunity is achieved by different mechanisms. In some insects, immune-challenged males can also initiate trans-generational immune priming (TGIP), but its expressions appear qualitatively different from the one induced by females similarly challenged. 2. The existence of male TGIP challenges the traditional view of the parental investment theory, which predicts that females should invest more into their progeny than males. However, sexual dimorphism in life-history strategies and the potential costs associated with TGIP may nevertheless lead to dissymmetric in…
Relationship between maternal transfer of immunity and mother fecundity in an insect.
2012
Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) corresponds to the plastic adjustment of offspring immunity as a result of maternal immune experience. TGIP is expected to improve mother's fitness by improving offspring individual performance in an environment where parasitism becomes more prevalent. However, it was recently demonstrated that maternal transfer of immunity to the offspring is costly for immune-challenged female insects. Thus, these females might not provide immune protection to all their offspring because of the inherent cost of other fitness-related traits. Females are therefore expected to adjust their investment to individual offspring immune protection in ways that maximize the…
Thermoplastic starch and green tea blends with LLDPE films for active packaging of meat and oil-based products
2019
International audience; Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an alternative biomaterial that can be used to produce bioplastics to replace petroleum-based food packaging. Active films were developed from acetylated cassava TPS and green tea using the blown extrusion process. Green tea (GT) and TPS from native starch (NS) and acetylated starch (AS) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were extruded with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) at LLDPE/TPS-GT ratios of 70/30 and 60/40 prior to blown-film extrusion. Results indicated that a higher DS of AS enhanced melt flow index which altered processability and subsequently impacted film microstructures and physical and barrier properties. N…
Antifungal effect of phenolic extract of fermented rice bran with Rhizopus oryzae and its potential use in loaf bread shelf life extension
2018
In this study the antifungal potential of a phenolic extract obtained from rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oryzae CECT 7560 and its application in the elaboration of bread was assessed.; Results: Eighteen compounds with antifungal potential were identified by LC-ESI-qTOF-MS in the extract: organic acids, gallates and gallotannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and benzophenone derivatives. The extract was active against strains of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 390 to 3100 µg mL-1 and minimum fungicidal concentration variable from 780 to 6300 µg mL-1 . The strains that were most sensitive to the phenolic extract were F. graminearum, F.…
Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternal immune response in an insect.
2012
5 pages; International audience; Immune-challenged vertebrate and invertebrate females can transfer immunity to their off spring. Th is trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) is benefi cial for the off spring if the maternal infection risk persists across generations. However, because immunity is costly, fi tness consequences of TGIP have been found in primed off spring. Furthermore, transferring immunity to off spring may be costly for immune-challenged females who are also carrying the costs of their immune response. A negative relationship between levels of immunity between mothers and off spring might therefore be expected. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that in the insect, …
Efficiency of Ohmic assisted hydrodistillation for the extraction of essential oil from oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. viride) spices
2017
Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Ohmic heating-assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD), applied at different voltages (100, 150, and 200) V, on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of extracted essential oil from oregano herb ( Origanum vulgare subsp. viride ), compared to a conventional hydrodistillation (HD) procedure. The compositions of the extracted essential oils (using OAHD and HD) were assessed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) method was applied in order to evaluate antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values …
Guano-Derived Nutrient Subsidies Drive Food Web Structure in Coastal Ponds.
2016
A stable isotope study was carried out seasonally in three coastal ponds (Marinello system, Italy) affected by different gull guano input to investigate the effect of nutrient subsidies on food web structure and dynamics. A marked 15N enrichment occurred in the pond receiving the highest guano input, indicating that gull-derived fertilization (guanotrophication) had a strong localised effect and flowed across trophic levels. The main food web response to guanotrophication was an overall erosion of the benthic pathway in favour of the planktonic. Subsidized primary consumers, mostly deposit feeders, switched their diet according to organic matter source availability. Secondary consumers and,…
Gene regulation in parthenocarpic tomato fruit.
2009
Parthenocarpy is potentially a desirable trait for many commercially grown fruits if undesirable changes to structure, flavour, or nutrition can be avoided. Parthenocarpic transgenic tomato plants (cv MicroTom) were obtained by the regulation of genes for auxin synthesis (iaaM) or responsiveness (rolB) driven by DefH9 or the INNER NO OUTER (INO) promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana. Fruits at a breaker stage were analysed at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level using microarrays, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a Pegasus III TOF (time of flight) mass spectrometer. Although differences were observed in the shape of fully ripe fruits, no clear correlatio…
Immunocompetence increases with larval body size in a phytophagous moth
2013
Despite the obvious benefit of an immune system, its efficacy against pathogens and parasites may show great variation among individuals, populations and species. Understanding the causes of this variation is becoming a central theme in ecology. Many biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence immunocompetence (temperature, age, etc.). However, for a given age, size among individuals varies, probably as a result of accumulated resources. Thus, these variable resources could be allocated to immune defence and, consequently, body size may explain part of the variation in immune responsiveness. However, the influence of body size on immune defence is often overlooked. The present study i…
Impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake, N2 fixation, N transfer, and growth in a wheat/faba bean intercropping system
2019
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play a key role in natural and agricultural ecosystems affecting plant nutrition, soil biological activity and modifying the availability of nutrients by plants. This research aimed at expanding the knowledge of the role played by AMF in the uptake of macro- and micronutrients and N transfer (using a 15 N stem-labelling method) in a faba bean/wheat intercropping system. It also investigates the role of AMF in biological N fixation (using the natural isotopic abundance method) in faba bean grown in pure stand and in mixture. Finally, it examines the role of AMF in driving competition and facilitation between faba bean and wheat. Durum wheat and faba bea…