Search results for "Names"

showing 10 items of 6843 documents

Analysis of Spatially and Temporally Overlapping Events with Application to Image Sequences

2006

Counting spatially and temporally overlapping events in image sequences and estimating their shape-size and duration features are important issues in some applications. We propose a stochastic model, a particular case of the nonisotropic 3D Boolean model, for performing this analysis: the temporal Boolean model. Some probabilistic properties are derived and a methodology for parameter estimation from time-lapse image sequences is proposed using an explicit treatment of the temporal dimension. We estimate the mean number of germs per unit area and time, the mean grain size and the duration distribution. A wide simulation study in order to assess the proposed estimators showed promising resul…

Boolean modelEstimation theorybusiness.industryStochastic modellingApplied MathematicsProbabilistic logicEstimatorFunctional data analysisImage processingBoolean algebrasymbols.namesakeComputational Theory and MathematicsArtificial IntelligencesymbolsComputer visionComputer Vision and Pattern RecognitionArtificial intelligencebusinessAlgorithmSoftwareMathematicsIEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Learning to Navigate in the Gaussian Mixture Surface

2021

In the last years, deep learning models have achieved remarkable generalization capability on computer vision tasks, obtaining excellent results in fine-grained classification problems. Sophisticated approaches based-on discriminative feature learning via patches have been proposed in the literature, boosting the model performances and achieving the state-of-the-art over well-known datasets. Cross-Entropy (CE) loss function is commonly used to enhance the discriminative power of the deep learned features, encouraging the separability between the classes. However, observing the activation map generated by these models in the hidden layer, we realize that many image regions with low discrimin…

Boosting (machine learning)Settore INF/01 - InformaticaComputer scienceGeneralizationbusiness.industryDeep learningGaussianFine-grained image classification; Loss functionPattern recognitionConvolutional neural networkLoss functionImage (mathematics)symbols.namesakeFine-grained image classificationDiscriminative modelSettore MAT/05 - Analisi MatematicasymbolsArtificial intelligencebusinessFeature learning
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Many-body Green's function theory of electrons and nuclei beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation

2020

The method of many-body Green's functions is developed for arbitrary systems of electrons and nuclei starting from the full (beyond Born-Oppenheimer) Hamiltonian of Coulomb interactions and kinetic energies. The theory presented here resolves the problems arising from the translational and rotational invariance of this Hamiltonian that afflict the existing many-body Green's function theories. We derive a coupled set of exact equations for the electronic and nuclear Green's functions and provide a systematic way to approximately compute the properties of arbitrary many-body systems of electrons and nuclei beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The case of crystalline solids is discussed …

Born–Oppenheimer approximationFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyElectronKinetic energy01 natural sciencesMany bodytiiviin aineen fysiikkaGreen's function methodssymbols.namesake0103 physical sciencesCoulombkvanttifysiikka010306 general physicsPhysicsQuantum PhysicsExact differential equation021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyMany-body techniquesCondensed Matter - Other Condensed MatterClassical mechanicssymbolsRotational invarianceCrystalline systemsapproksimointiQuantum Physics (quant-ph)0210 nano-technologyHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
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Driven Bose-Hubbard Model with a Parametrically Modulated Harmonic Trap

2016

We investigate a one-dimensional Bose–Hubbard model in a parametrically driven global harmonic trap. The delicate interplay of both the local interaction of the atoms in the lattice and the driving of the global trap allows us to control the dynamical stability of the trapped quantum many-body state. The impact of the atomic interaction on the dynamical stability of the driven quantum many-body state is revealed in the regime of weak interaction by analyzing a discretized Gross–Pitaevskii equation within a Gaussian variational ansatz, yielding a Mathieu equation for the condensate width. The parametric resonance condition is shown to be modified by the atom interaction strength. In particul…

Bose–Hubbard modelquantum many-body systemsFOS: Physical sciencesHarmonic (mathematics)02 engineering and technologyBose–Hubbard modelWeak interaction01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakeQuantum mechanics0103 physical sciencesAtomquantum gas010306 general physicsQuantumAnsatzPhysicsCondensed Matter::Quantum Gasesta114021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyMathieu functionQuantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)symbolsParametric oscillator0210 nano-technologyCondensed Matter - Quantum Gasesharmonic trap
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Stress gradient versus strain gradient constitutive models within elasticity

2014

Abstract A stress gradient elasticity theory is developed which is based on the Eringen method to address nonlocal elasticity by means of differential equations. By suitable thermodynamics arguments (involving the free enthalpy instead of the free internal energy), the restrictions on the related constitutive equations are determined, which include the well-known Eringen stress gradient constitutive equations, as well as the associated (so far uncertain) boundary conditions. The proposed theory exhibits complementary characters with respect to the analogous strain gradient elasticity theory. The associated boundary-value problem is shown to admit a unique solution characterized by a Helling…

Boundary conditionsInternal energyDifferential equationMechanical EngineeringApplied MathematicsConstitutive equationMathematical analysisElasticity (physics)Condensed Matter PhysicsGibbs free energysymbols.namesakeMaterials Science(all)Beam modelsVariational principleMechanics of MaterialsModeling and SimulationModelling and SimulationsymbolsStress gradient elasticityGeneral Materials ScienceBoundary value problemPrinciple of the virtual powerBeam (structure)MathematicsInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
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Segregation of lipid in Ir-dye/DMPA mixed monolayers as strategy to fabricate 2D supramolecular nanostructures at the air–water interface

2008

A novel pseudospherical fluorinated iridium(III) derivative, Ir-dye/PF6, [Ir(F2-ppy)2(bpy)]PF6 (F2-ppy = 2-(2,4-difluoro)phenylpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), has been organized by using a lipid matrix, DMPA (dimyristoyl-phosphatidic acid), in several molar ratios at the air–water interface. The molecular organization of both components and the degree of miscibility in the different mixed films have been inferred by surface techniques such as π–A isotherms, ellipsometry, reflection spectroscopy, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and IR spectroscopy for the LB films, additionally the results have been discussed according to the additivity rule. The equimolecular Ir-dye/DMPA mixture leads to…

Brewster's angleChemistrySupramolecular chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementInfrared spectroscopyGeneral ChemistrySurface pressureMiscibilitysymbols.namesakeChemical engineeringEllipsometryMonolayerMaterials ChemistrysymbolsOrganic chemistryIridiumJournal of Materials Chemistry
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PLZT Electro-optic Q-switch for Er:Cr:YSGG laser

1999

Q-switching of the Er:Cr:YSGG laser at 2.79 micrometers is realized using electrooptic modulators of PLZT X/65/35 ceramics. The high (but slow as compared with single crystals) electrooptical effect in PLZT allowed to construct Q-switches with an aperture larger than 4 X 4 mm 2 , small lengths of 3 - 6 mm, with a control voltage of 1000 - 1500 V. Q-switching is realized using modulators in two modes--as a (lambda) /2 switch placed into the laser cavity at the Brewster angle avoiding reflection losses and as a (lambda) /4 switch with higher single pass losses due to Fresnel reflections. A higher laser output was obtained using (lambda) /2 switching. The obtained pulses had a halfwidth of 150…

Brewster's angleMaterials sciencebusiness.industryApertureFar-infrared laserLaserQ-switchinglaw.inventionPulse (physics)symbols.namesakeMicrosecondOpticslawOptical cavitysymbolsbusinessSPIE Proceedings
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A Simple Apparatus for the Determination of the Optical Constants and the Thickness of Absorbing Thin Films

2001

We report on a simple and inexpensive apparatus useful for measuring the optical constants n, k and the thickness of weakly absorbing thin films. The measurement is based on an accurate determination of the reflectance and transmittance of a specimen illuminated by a laser beam. The laser beam is incident on a transparent substrate coated with the film to be evaluated, with an angle of incidence equal to the Brewster angle for the substrate, and its polarization can be switched between the p and s states. If the thickness is known to be within a presumptive range, measurements of the p and s reflectance and transmittance allow a calculation of the optical constants n, k and the thickness of…

Brewster's angleMaterials sciencebusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsPolarization (waves)Layer thicknessReflectivityAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeOpticssymbolsTransmittanceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryThin filmbusinessOptical constants measurements Absorbing thin films Reflection and transmission coefficients ITO filmsLaser beams
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Improvement of solid state Er:YAG pulse laser performance for use in medicine

1999

The large quadratic electro-optic effect of PLZT ceramics allows to design small size modulators for the solid state infrared Er:YAG laser (lasing at (lambda) equals 2.94 micrometers - the most pronounced absorption band of water), which has found application in medicine for efficient ablation of hard and soft tissues. In the free-running mode, the Er:YAG laser emits spikes that form the pulse envelope with duration of 150 - 800 microsecond(s) . An extracavity PLZT 8.5/65/35 ceramics modulator (aperture of 4 X 6 mm2 and length of 18 mm) was used to obtain (Pi) -shaped segments with the rise and decay times less than 5 microsecond(s) . That allows to reduce considerably the fraction of the p…

Brewster's angleMaterials sciencebusiness.industrychemistry.chemical_elementLaserQ-switchingPulsed laser depositionlaw.inventionErbiumsymbols.namesakeMicrosecondOpticschemistrySolid-state laserlawsymbolsbusinessLasing thresholdSPIE Proceedings
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Relativistic beaming and gamma-ray brightness of blazars

2009

We investigate the dependence of gamma-ray brightness of blazars on intrinsic properties of their parsec-scale radio jets and the implication for relativistic beaming. By combining apparent jet speeds derived from high-resolution VLBA images from the MOJAVE program with millimetre-wavelength flux density monitoring data from Metsahovi Radio Observatory, we estimate the jet Doppler factors, Lorentz factors, and viewing angles for a sample of 62 blazars. We study the trends in these quantities between the sources which were detected in gamma-rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first three months of science operations and those which were not detected. The LAT-detected blaz…

BrightnessCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenajets [galaxies]FOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics01 natural scienceslaw.inventionTelescopesymbols.namesakeRelativistic beaminglawquasars: general0103 physical sciencesBlazar010303 astronomy & astrophysicsUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia::GalaxiasHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Physicsgeneral [quasars]general [BL Lacertae objects]010308 nuclear & particles physicsGamma rayAstronomy and Astrophysicsgalaxies: jetsViewing angle:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia [UNESCO]:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia::Galaxias [UNESCO]Lorentz factorSpace and Planetary Scienceactive [galaxies]BL Lacertae objectssymbolsUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogoniaAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenagalaxies: active; ; ; BL Lacertae objects : generalFermi Gamma-ray Space TelescopeAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
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