Search results for "Natural language"

Discovering learning paths on a domain ontology using natural language interaction

2005

The present work investigates the problem of determining a learning path inside a suitable domain ontology. The proposed approach enables the user of a web learning application to interact with the system using natural language in order to browse the ontology itself. The course related knowledge is arranged as a three level hierarchy: content level, symbolic level, and conceptual level bridging the previous ones. The implementation of the ontological, the interaction, and the presentation component inside the TutorJ system is explained, and the first results are presented.

IRT Modeling of Decomposed Student Learning Patterns in Higher Education Economics

2019

Researchers have spent decades arguing how to measure improvements in learning within formal settings, where achievements are intended and presupposed, in a reliable and valid way. Repeated measures are required to investigate improvements of any kind. Students usually take a multiple-choice test at least twice with the difference between the two measurements indicating how much they have learned. Walstad and Wagner (J Econ Educ 47:121–131, 2016) presented a new approach to gathering more information about different learning patterns by decomposing these difference measures. They describe the patterns of positive learning (PL) and negative learning (NL), i.e., the development from not knowi…

ICDAR 2021 Competition on Historical Document Classification

2021

International audience; This competition investigated the performance of historical document classification. The analysis of historical documents is a difficult challenge commonly solved by trained humanists. We provided three different classification tasks, which can be solved individually or jointly: font group/script type, location, date. The document images are provided by several institutions and are taken from handwritten and printed books as well as from charters. In contrast to previous competitions, all participants relied upon Deep Learning based approaches. Nevertheless, we saw a great performance variety of the different submitted systems. The easiest task seemed to be font grou…

Fear Sells: Determinants of Fund-Raising Success in the cross-section of Initial Coin Offerings

2021

This paper explores cross-sectionally the determinants of ICO success as measured by the amount of raised funding. Our study is the first that retrieves an intensive hand-collected data library covering the entire population of all 5,033 ICOs launched in the 2014 – 2019 period. Another important novel aspect is that we address the question whether psychological and financial sentiment cached in whitepapers have an impact on the success of ICOs. We employ natural language procession tools and various sentiment dictionaries to assess the sentiment in whitepapers and our results suggest that ICO investors are largely guided by their emotions when making investment decisions. Additionally, to g…

Above the Sentence Level

2021

Measuring the Novelty of Natural Language Text Using the Conjunctive Clauses of a Tsetlin Machine Text Classifier

2020

Most supervised text classification approaches assume a closed world, counting on all classes being present in the data at training time. This assumption can lead to unpredictable behaviour during operation, whenever novel, previously unseen, classes appear. Although deep learning-based methods have recently been used for novelty detection, they are challenging to interpret due to their black-box nature. This paper addresses \emph{interpretable} open-world text classification, where the trained classifier must deal with novel classes during operation. To this end, we extend the recently introduced Tsetlin machine (TM) with a novelty scoring mechanism. The mechanism uses the conjunctive clau…

"Table 8" of "Measurement of charged-particle event shape variables in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton interactions with the ATLAS detector"

2014

Mean Values of Thrust, Thrust Minor and Sphericity verses charged particle PT scalar sum.

"Table 4" of "Measurement of the differential cross sections for isolated direct photon pair production in $p \bar p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$…

2013

The measured differential distribution in the polar scattering angle in the Collins-Soper frame;.

Implications of Theories of Language for Information Systems

1985

This article demonstrates how language views can be adopted into an information systems context. We distinguish here between five language views: denotational, generative, cognitive, behavioristic, and interactionist. These views differ in their assumptions about he origin of linguistic behavior, the primary functions of language, elements of language, and the nature of linguistic knowledge. Information system development approaches can be characterized by their underlying language views. This explains great differences in development methods and research. Thus, language views have implications and should be chosen continency for a given information system context.

The visual query language CQL for transitive and relational computation

2000

Abstract Classification query language (CQL) is a high-level visual query language with a great expressive power. In CQL the processing of ordinary relations and classifications based on transitive relationships is integrated seamlessly. Relations and classifications are represented in the visual interface in a uniform way through relation and classification skeletons. All query formulation in CQL is QBE-like – based on the intuitive way of filling constants and sample values into the skeletons. In order to guarantee great expressive power, relational and classification expressions can be nested freely with each other at unlimited nesting levels. Recursive definition of transitive processin…