Search results for "Natural language"

Embedded controlled language to facilitate information extraction from eGov policies

2015

The goal of this paper is to propose a system that can extract formal semantic knowledge representation from natural language eGov policies. We present an architecture that allows for extracting Controlled Natural Language (CNL) statements from heterogeneous natural language texts with the ability to support multilinguality. The approach is based on the concept of embedded CNLs.

THE USE OF WEAK ESTIMATORS TO ACHIEVE LANGUAGE DETECTION AND TRACKING IN MULTILINGUAL DOCUMENTS

2013

This paper deals with the problems of language detection and tracking in multilingual online short word-of-mouth (WoM) discussions. This problem is particularly unusual and difficult from a pattern recognition perspective because, in these discussions, the participants and content involve the opinions of users from all over the world. The nature of these discussions, consisting of multiple topics in different languages, presents us with a problem of finding training and classification strategies when the class-conditional distributions are nonstationary. The difficulties in solving the problem are many-fold. First of all, the analyst has no knowledge of when one language stops and when the…

Investigations in Teaching and Learning Languages : Studies in Honour of Hanna Komorowska

2013

The hidden side of adverbs

2018

This paper will address the predicative nature of manner adverb(ial)s and of three types of sentence adverbs (subject-oriented, modal, and evaluative) in Italian. Predication often becomes overt by means of morphological correlates. Is it possible to find any such evidence with invariable adverbs? To unveil their predicative nature, a procedure will be suggested in which two sentences, one with a -mente adverb, the other with its cognate adjective (a) share the content morphemes (identity of the signifiant) and (b) entail each other (identity of the signifié as regards semantic roles). A number of such pairs will be discussed, examples of which include: Intelligentemente, Leo intervenne ‘Cl…

Genus im DaF-Unterricht in Italien: Was sagen Lehrwerke und Grammatiken?

2011

For foreign language students gender seems to be a great problem. This article about the teachability and learnability of German gender wants to show what Italian students learn about it and how they do so (and also how they could do it better).

Convergence of Web 2.0 and Semantic Web: A Semantic Tagging and Searching System for Creating and Searching Blogs

2007

The work presented in this paper aims to combine Latent Semantic Analysis methodology, common sense and traditional knowledge representation in order to improve the dialogue capabilities of a conversational agent. In our approach the agent brain is characterized by two areas: a "rational area", composed by a structured, rule-based knowledge base, and an "associative area", obtained through a data- driven semantic space. Concepts are mapped in this space and their mutual geometric distance is related to their conceptual similarity. The geometric distance between concepts implicitly defines a sub-symbolic relationship net, which can be seen as a new "sub- symbolic semantic layer" automaticall…

Vertical representation of C∞-words

2015

We present a new framework for dealing with C ∞ -words, based on their left and right frontiers. This allows us to give a compact representation of them, and to describe the set of C ∞ -words through an infinite directed acyclic graph G. This graph is defined by a map acting on the frontiers of C ∞ -words. We show that this map can be defined recursively and with no explicit reference to C ∞ -words. We then show that some important conjectures on C ∞ -words follow from analogous statements on the structure of the graph G.

Are You Taking the Fastest Route to the RESTAURANT?

2018

Abstract. Most words in books and digital media are written in lowercase. The primacy of this format has been brought out by different experiments showing that common words are identified faster in lowercase (e.g., molecule) than in uppercase (MOLECULE). However, there are common words that are usually written in uppercase (street signs, billboards; e.g., STOP, PHARMACY). We conducted a lexical decision experiment to examine whether the usual letter-case configuration (uppercase vs. lowercase) of common words modulates word identification times. To this aim, we selected 78 molecule-type words and 78 PHARMACY-type words that were presented in lowercase or uppercase. For molecule-type words,…

Letter-case information and the identification of brand names.

2014

A central tenet of most current models of visual-word recognition is that lexical units are activated on the basis of case-invariant abstract letter representations. Here, we examined this assumption by using a unique type of words: brand names. The rationale of the experiments is that brand names are archetypically printed either in lowercase (e.g., adidas) or uppercase (e.g., IKEA). This allows us to present the brand names in their standard or non-standard case configuration (e.g., adidas, IKEA vs. ADIDAS, ikea, respectively). We conducted two experiments with a brand-decision task (‘is it a brand name?’): a single-presentation experiment and a masked priming experiment. Results in the s…

Morphological parsing with lexical transducers : a case study of OMorFi

2016

This thesis explores the task of morphological parsing, which is going from a written word to a representation of the units of meaning making up the word. The research objective is to investigate morphological parsing of Finnish with lexical transducers through a case study of OMorFi (Open Morphology for Finnish). The thesis also presents some linguistic and mathematical background as well as some techniques for constructing FSTs (Finite-State Transducers). The main results are an exposition and some analysis of OMorFi’s paradigms, stubs & stems language model, some comparison with related work and ideas for potential future work.