Search results for "Nature"

Manganese Ions Individually Alter the Reverse Transcription Signature of Modified Ribonucleosides

2020

Reverse transcription of RNA templates containing modified ribonucleosides transfers modification-related information as misincorporations, arrest or nucleotide skipping events to the newly synthesized cDNA strand. The frequency and proportion of these events, merged from all sequenced cDNAs, yield a so-called RT signature, characteristic for the respective RNA modification and reverse transcriptase (RT). While known for DNA polymerases in so-called error-prone PCR, testing of four different RTs by replacing Mg2+ with Mn2+ in reaction buffer revealed the immense influence of manganese chloride on derived RT signatures, with arrest rates on m1A positions dropping from 82% down to 24%. Additi…

Graphical Workflow System for Modification Calling by Machine Learning of Reverse Transcription Signatures

2019

Modification mapping from cDNA data has become a tremendously important approach in epitranscriptomics. So-called reverse transcription signatures in cDNA contain information on the position and nature of their causative RNA modifications. Data mining of, e.g. Illumina-based high-throughput sequencing data, is therefore fast growing in importance, and the field is still lacking effective tools. Here we present a versatile user-friendly graphical workflow system for modification calling based on machine learning. The workflow commences with a principal module for trimming, mapping, and postprocessing. The latter includes a quantification of mismatch and arrest rates with single-nucleotide re…

Mass, phylogeny, and temperature are sufficient to explain differences in metabolic scaling across mammalian orders?

2016

Abstract Whether basal metabolic rate‐body mass scaling relationships have a single exponent is highly discussed, and also the correct statistical model to establish relationships. Here, we aimed (1) to identify statistically best scaling models for 17 mammalian orders, Marsupialia, Eutheria and all mammals, and (2) thereby to prove whether correcting for differences in species’ body temperature and their shared evolutionary history improves models and their biological interpretability. We used the large dataset from Sieg et al. (The American Naturalist 174, 2009, 720) providing species’ body mass (BM), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature (T). We applied different statistical ap…

Contribution of Excited Ozone and Oxygen Molecules to the Formation of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer

2019

The absorption of UV, visible and near IR radiation by O3 produces transient, electronically excited O3. The absorption of thermal IR radiation ( = 9.065, 9.596 and 14.267 µm) produces vibrationally excited O3 molecules. Thermal absorption is likely the main factor in the self-decay of O3. Photoexcitation of ground state by IR and red light radiation produces singlet oxygens and . Chemical reactions in the stratosphere produce them as well. When reacting with ozone, singlet oxygen produces O (3P) and . By doing so, they tend to maintain the prevailing ozone concentration and are thereby important for the stability of the ozone layer. During the daytime, O(1D), and reach their maximum concen…

Density-dependent vole damage in silviculture and associated economic losses at a nationwide scale

2009

Voles inflict damage to silviculture by debarking or severing tree seedlings. The large-scale impacts of vole damage to silviculture, both in terms of severity and financial losses are, however, poorly known. In autumn 2005, cyclically fluctuating vole populations were at their highest in Finland for over 15 years, which led to extensive damage to silviculture during the winter 2005/06. We carried out a nationwide assessment of the incidence, spatial extent and economic value of damage and its relation to vole abundance in privately owned forests during this winter. Damage data were obtained with a questionnaire addressed to the directors of all Forest Management Associations (FMAs) operati…

Tourism marketing and local celebrations: A case study in Valencia’s Fallas

2020

El artículo pretende mostrar la necesidad de emplear estrategias de marketing turístico en la oferta de la Fiesta de las Fallas que tienen lugar en Valencia (España), declaradas Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad en 2016. Se desarrolla la teoría acerca de esta herramienta, argumentando las características y capacidades del evento y fundamentando su importancia como pieza clave en el desarrollo del turismo cultural valenciano. Los datos recogidos y las entrevistas abiertas realizadas manifiestan que la Fiesta de las Fallas debe considerarse un producto turístico y emplear estrategias que muestren la autenticidad y singularidad de Valencia como destino turístico. The article aims …

Knowledge Sharing Among Tourists via Social Media: A Comparison Between Facebook and TripAdvisor

2016

This paper examines tourists' knowledge sharing behavior in social media. Based on social capital theory, we aim to examine the effects of three dimensions of social capital—structural (social interaction ties), cognitive (shared vision) and relational (trust)—for two different types of social media: Facebook and TripAdvisor. We propose a structural model that connects an antecedent (homophily) and a consequence (knowledge sharing through posting) of these main dimensions of social capital. An online survey is conducted with 1200 Spanish consumers. Based on the full sample, our structural equation modeling supports most of the hypothesized paths, while trust does not affect either social in…

Ethics in biodiversity conservation : The meaning and importance of pluralism

2022

Addressing the global extent of the current biodiversity crisis requires engaging with the existence of multiple equally legitimate values, but also with diverse ethical perspectives underpinning conceptions of right and wrong actions. However, western monist positions have mostly explicitly or implicitly directed conservation strategies by defining the space of legitimate arguments, overlooking solutions that do not fit neatly the chosen approaches. As ignoring diverse ethical positions leads to injustices and reduces the potential of conserving biodiversity, there is a need to recognise and navigate the ethical landscape. Ethical pluralism may provide opportunities to do so. However, the …

2018

The first few months of life is the most vulnerable period for fish and their optimal hatching time with zooplankton prey is favored by natural selection. Traditionally, however, prey abundance (i.e., zooplankton density) has been considered important, whereas prey nutritional composition has been largely neglected in natural settings. High-quality zooplankton, rich in both essential amino acids (EAAs) and fatty acids (FAs), are required as starting prey to initiate development and fast juvenile growth. Prey quality is dependent on environmental conditions, and, for example, eutrophication and browning are two major factors defining primary producer community structures that will directly d…

Soil feedback does not explain mowing effects on vegetation structure in a semi-natural grassland

2009

Due to its ability to create aboveground conditions that favour plant diversity, mowing is often used to preserve the high conservation value of semi-natural species-rich grasslands. However, mowing can also affect belowground conditions. By decreasing plant carbon supply to soil, mowing can suppress the activity of soil decomposers, diminish plant nutrient availability and thus create a feedback on plant growth. In this study, we first documented the effects of three-year mowing on plant community structure in a species-rich grassland. We found that mowing decreased the total areal cover of woody plants and increased the total cover of leguminous forbs. At the species level, mowing further…