Search results for "Neoplasm Metastasi"

Chemotherapy of bladder tumours.

1978

Analysis of KRAS/NRAS mutations in a phase III study of panitumumab with FOLFIRI compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment for metastatic …

2015

Abstract Purpose: We evaluated the influence of RAS mutation status on the treatment effect of panitumumab in a prospective–retrospective analysis of a randomized, multicenter phase III study of panitumumab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) versus FOLFIRI alone as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0039183). Experimental Design: Outcomes were from the study's primary analysis. RAS mutations beyond KRAS exon 2 (KRAS exons 3, 4; NRAS exons 2, 3, 4; BRAF exon 15) were detected by bidirectional Sanger sequencing in wild-type KRAS exon 2 tumor specimens. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) we…

New findings on primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Do all roads lead to RAS?

2015

Abstract: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy with the monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab is the main targeted treatment to combine with standard chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Many clinical studies have shown the benefit of the addition of these agents for patients without mutations in the EGFR pathway. Many biomarkers, including KRAS and NRAS mutations, BRAF mutations, PIK3CA mutations, PTEN loss, AREG and EREG expression, and HER-2 amplification have already been identified to select responders to anti-EGFR agents. Among these alterations KRAS and NRAS mutations are currently recognized as the best predictive factors for primary resistance. Liquid b…

Integrative clinical transcriptome analysis reveals TMPRSS2-ERG dependency of prognostic biomarkers in prostate adenocarcinoma.

2019

In prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa), distinction between indolent and aggressive disease is challenging. Around 50% of PCa are characterized by TMPRSS2‐ERG (T2E)‐fusion oncoproteins defining two molecular subtypes (T2E‐positive/negative). However, current prognostic tests do not differ between both molecular subtypes, which might affect outcome prediction. To investigate gene‐signatures associated with metastasis in T2E‐positive and T2E‐negative PCa independently, we integrated tumor transcriptomes and clinicopathological data of two cohorts (total n = 783), and analyzed metastasis‐associated gene‐signatures regarding the T2E‐status. Here, we show that the prognostic value of biomarkers in PCa…

Pharmacogenomics of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal carcinoma

2014

Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie its effectiveness, as well as the primary and secondary resistance mechanisms, have led to important developments in the understanding of cetuximab biology. In light of knowledge gained from recent trials, the efficacy of cetuximab has been clearly demonstrated to depend upon RAS mutational status, moreover cetuximab should only be used in a subset of patients who may benefit. In this article, we critically review clinical and pharmacogenetic issues of cetuximab, focusing on the cost–effectiveness involved with the use of the drug.

The prevalent KRAS exon 2 c.35 G > A mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a biomarker of worse prognosis and potential benefit of bevac…

2015

Bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy differently predict increased efficacy in KRAS exon 2 mutant and wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients. Mutant compared to wild-type status did not significantly affect progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients fit for first line bevacizumab-containing FIr-B/FOx regimen, and after progression. In patients unfit for intensive regimens, mutant status significantly affected PFS, while not OS. Codon 12 KRAS mutations differentially affect GTPase function, and confer worse clinical behaviour. Prognostic relevance of the prevalent c.35 G. >. A KRAS mutation was retrospectively evaluated. Fit c.35 G. >. A mutant patie…

Advanced colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for treatment.

2010

Cetuximab: clinical results in colorectal cancer

2007

In recent years, the introduction of targeted therapies into clinical practice seems to offer incremental benefits in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), mainly when they are employed in combination with optimal chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In this paper, we focus on Cetuximab and its role in the treatment of mCRC.

Isolated Metachronous Splenic Metastasis from Colon Cancer: Possible Explanations for This Rare Entity

2017

The incidence of splenic metastases secondary to colorectal cancer is very low; these lesions have been more frequently reported as secondary to breast, lung, and ovarian cancer. Splenic metastases are particularly common in melanoma; their incidence has been reported as being as high as 34% at autopsy [1]. Most cases of secondary splenic metastases have been described in patients with tumors of the left colon while only few cases being reported as originating from right colon tumors (Table 1). The finding of a splenic mass in the absence of a history of malignancy suggests a primary lesion (lymphoma, hematoma, etc.), while a history of oncological disease raises the possibility of a second…

What is the prognostic importance of lymphovascular space invasion in the absence of lymph node metastasis for early-stage endometrial cancer?

2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic role of lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), evaluated in a semi-quantitative fashion on prognosis of early stage, low risk endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent surgery for endometrial cancer between 2003 and 2018 in two referral cancer center. All patients had endometrioid EC, G1–G2, with myometrial invasion <50%, and no lymph-node involvement. LVSI was analyzed in a semi-quantitative way, according to a 3-tiered scoring system in absent, focal and substantial. Results: Among 524 patients, any positive LVSI was found in 57 patients (10.9%) with focal LVSI (n=35, 6.7%) and substantial LVSI (n=2…