Search results for "Neoplasms"
showing 10 items of 7988 documents
Editorial: Cell Stress, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Cancer
2018
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activity as a Switch for Glioblastoma Responsiveness to Temozolomide
2018
Rationale: The activity of the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1?, is a common driver of a number of the pathways involved in the aggressiveness of glioblastomas (GBMs), and it has been suggested that the reduction in this activity observed, soon after the administration of temozolomide (TMZ), can be a biomarker of an early response in GBM models. As HIF-1? is a tightly regulated protein, studying the processes involved in its downregulation could shed new light on the mechanisms underlying GBM sensitivity or resistance to TMZ. Methods: The effect of HIF-1? silencing on cell responsiveness to TMZ was assessed in four genetically different human GBM cell lines by evaluat…
Targeting Immune Modulators in Glioma While Avoiding Autoimmune Conditions
2021
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme is a futile disease usually leading to the patient’s death within one year post-diagnosis; therefore, novel treatment options are desperately needed. In this regard, activation of the inert immune system has moved into focus in recent years. Malignant brain tumors, as well as autoimmune diseases, elicit aberrant immune responses. In this way, glioma escapes the host’s immune system and, thus, activation of the immune response in order to reduce tumor tolerance can serve as an alternative treatment option. Immune checkpoint modulators in combination with traditional therapies have gained attention in both glioma and autoimmune diseases. In this review, …
Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology and Oncogenesis: A Preface to the Special Issue
2020
Hormones, i.e., the products of specialized endocrine cells which spread throughout the body via the bloodstream, control the normal development and growth of organisms at the embryo-fetal stage and, in adult life, regulate, integrate, and coordinate a range of different physiological processes which concern virtually all body tissues. They exert their biological effects by interacting with either surface or intracellular receptors, thereby activating signalization pathways [1]. For example, steroid hormones, such as those released by the adrenal glands, testes and ovaries, once freely crossed through the plasmalemma, bind to receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators…
Follow up analysis by exosomal miRNAs in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during osimertinib (AZD9291) treatment: A potential…
2016
e23035Background: NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations are able to receive approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but to better assess the treatment responses new tools are needed. Liquid bi...
Cadmium-Associated Molecular Signatures in Cancer Cell Models
2021
Simple Summary The exposure of cancer cells to cadmium compounds may be associated with the acceleration of tumor progression. It is known that cadmium is a transcriptional regulator, and the study of differentially expressed genes has enabled the identification and classification of cadmium-associated molecular signatures as useful biomarkers that are potentially transferable to clinical research. This review recapitulates the studies that report the detection of such signatures in breast, gastric, colon, liver, lung, and nasopharyngeal tumor cell models, as specifically demonstrated by individual gene or whole genome expression profiling. Abstract The exposure of cancer cells to cadmium a…
Cancer Acidity and Hypertonicity Contribute to Dysfunction of Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cells: Potential Impact on Antigen Cross-Presentation Machin…
2020
Macrophages (M) and dendritic cells (DC), major players of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MoPh), are potent antigen presenting cells that steadily sense and respond to signals from the surrounding microenvironment, leading to either immunogenic or tolerogenic outcomes. Next to classical MHC-I/MHC-II antigen-presentation pathways described in the vast majority of cell types, a subset of MoPh (CD8+, XCR1+, CLEC9A+, BDCA3+ conventional DCs in human) is endowed with a high competence to cross-present external (engulfed) antigens on MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T-cells. This exceptional DC function is thought to be a crucial crossroad in cytotoxic antitumor immunity and has been extensively studie…
Tissue Factor-Expressing Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Quiescent Endothelial Cells via Protease-Activated Receptor-1
2017
Tissue factor (TF)-expressing tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can promote metastasis and pre-metastatic niche formation, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that generation of activated factor X (FXa) by TF expressed on tumor-derived EV could activate protease-activated receptors (PARs) on non-activated endothelial cells to induce a pro-adhesive and pro-inflammatory phenotype. We obtained EV from TF-expressing breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (BxPC3 and Capan-1) tumor cell lines. We measured expression of E-selectin and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after exposure to EV and various immunol…
Molecular Basis of Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency in Tumors from Lynch Suspected Cases with Negative Germline Test Results
2020
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Roles of TP53 in determining therapeutic sensitivity, growth, cellular senescence, invasion and metastasis.
2016
TP53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular senescence and many other properties critical for control of normal cellular growth and death. Due to the pleiotropic effects that TP53 has on gene expression and cellular physiology, mutations at this tumor suppressor gene result in diverse physiological effects. T53 mutations are frequently detected in numerous cancers. The expression of TP53 can be induced by various agents used to treat cancer patients such as chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Radiation will induce Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and other kinases that results in the phosphorylation and activation of TP53…