Search results for "Neoplastic"

Wee1 inhibition potentiates Wip1-dependent p53-negative tumor cell death during chemotherapy

2016

AbstractInactivation of p53 found in more than half of human cancers is often associated with increased tumor resistance to anti-cancer therapy. We have previously shown that overexpression of the phosphatase Wip1 in p53-negative tumors sensitizes them to chemotherapeutic agents, while protecting normal tissues from the side effects of anti-cancer treatment. In this study, we decided to search for kinases that prevent Wip1-mediated sensitization of cancer cells, thereby interfering with efficacy of genotoxic anti-cancer drugs. To this end, we performed a flow cytometry-based screening in order to identify kinases that regulated the levels of γH2AX, which were used as readout. Another criter…

Cytotoxicity and modes of action of three naturally occurring xanthones (8-hydroxycudraxanthone G, morusignin I and cudraxanthone I) against sensitiv…

2014

Abstract Background Resistance of cancer to chemotherapy remains a challenging issue for scientists as well as physicians. Naturally occurring xanthones possess a variety of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects. The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of three naturally occurring xanthones namely, morusignin I (1), 8-hydroxycudraxanthone G (2) and cudraxanthone I (3) against a panel of nine cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. Methods The cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined using a resazurin reduction assay, whereas the caspase-Glo assay was use…

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes modulate survival in cisplatin/gemcitabine-treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

2006

Abstract Background: Impaired DNA repair capacity may favorably affect survival in cisplatin/gemcitabine-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We investigated the association of survival with genetic polymorphisms in X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 and group 3 (XRCC3), xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), excision repair cross-complementing group 1, ligase IV, ribonucleotide reductase, TP53, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, epidermal growth factor, methylene-tetra-hydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase. Patients and methods: One hundred and thirty-five stage IV or IIIB (with malignant pleural effusion) NSCLC patien…

Cytotoxicity and modes of action of four Cameroonian dietary spices ethno-medically used to treat cancers: Echinops giganteus, Xylopia aethiopica, Im…

2013

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance. Echinops giganteus , Imperata cylindrica , Piper capense and Xylopia aethiopica are four medicinal spices used in Cameroon to treat cancers. Aim of the study The above plants previously displayed cytotoxicty against leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cell lines as well as human pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cells. The present study aims at emphasizing the study of the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of the above plants on a panel of ten cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. The study has been extended to the isolation of the bioactive constituents from Echinops giganteus . Materials and methods The cytotoxicity of th…

Cytotoxicity of compounds from Xylopia aethiopica towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells.

2015

Abstract Introduction Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer represent a major hurdle in chemotherapy. Previously, the methanol extract of the medicinal spice Xylopia aethiopica displayed considerable cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. Methods The present study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of compounds, 16 α -hydroxy- ent -kauran-19-oic acid ( 2 ), 3,4′,5-trihydroxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2,3-g]flavone ( 3 ), isotetrandrine ( 5 ) and trans -tiliroside ( 6 ) derived from the methanol crude extract of Xylopia aethiopica against 9 drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these c…

Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and constituents of the bark of Fagara tessmannii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells.

2019

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Fagara tessmannii Engl. is an African medicinal plant used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat various types of cancers. Aim of the study This work was designed to determine the cytotoxicity of the crude extract (FTB), fractions (FTBa-d) and compounds isolated from the bark of Fagara tessmannii, namely lupeol (1), fagaramide (2), zanthoxyline (3), hesperidin (4), nitidine chloride (5), fagaridine chloride (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The study was extended to the mode of induction of apoptosis by FTB, compounds 5 and 6. Materials and methods The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples. …

Sintesi chimica di nuovi agenti fotochemioterapici eterociclici, con attività antiproliferativa compresa quella di natura neoplastica

2009

La presente invenzione riguarda la sintesi di nuovi analoghi dell’angelicina, pirrolo[3,2-h]chinolinoni, per la cura di patologie a carattere iperproliferativo comprese quelle di natura neoplastica. La cura si basa sull’azione combinata dei pirrolo[3,2-h]chinolinoni e luce UV-A attraverso una nuova tipologia di fotochemioterapia. Questi nuovi derivati hanno dimostrato interessante fototossicità in vitro nei confronti di cellule tumorali umane ma senza indurre un fotodanno al DNA, il quale rappresenta la principale causa degli effetti collaterali della terapia PUVA.

Osteonecrosis of jaw beyond antiresorptive (bone-targeted) agents: new horizons in oncology

2016

Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a clinically important, potentially painful and debilitating condition, which can affect the quality of life of cancer patients. Since 2003, ONJ appeared as a Bisphosphonate(BP)-related class effect, and the term Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) was widespread. Areas Covered: Under discussion in this review is the fact that ONJ cases have been reported after treatment including antiangiogenic agents and other “targeted therapy”, with and without BPs. Consequently, the comprehensive term Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) has been introduced. The clinical aspects and the prognosis of ONJ associated with t…

Sindrome di Birt, Hogg, Dubè: analisi genica della componente neoplastica renale.

2011

Hsp60, a Novel Target for Antitumor Therapy: Structure-Function Features and Prospective Drugs Design

2013

Heat shock protein 60 kDa (Hsp60) is a chaperone classically believed to be involved in assisting the correct folding of other mitochondrial proteins. Hsp60 also plays a role in cytoprotection against cell stressors, displaying for example, antiapoptotic potential. Despite the plethora of studies devoted to the mechanism of Hsp60's function, especially in prokaryotes, fundamental issues still remain unexplored, including the definition of its role in cancer. Key questions still unanswered pertain to the differences in structure-function features that might exist between the well-studied prokaryotic GroEL and the largely unexplored eukaryotic Hsp60 proteins. In this article we discuss these …