Search results for "Nerves"
showing 10 items of 93 documents
Inhibitory purinergic transmission in mouse caecum: Role for P2Y1 receptors as prejunctional modulators of ATP release
2007
Using conventional microelectrode recording techniques, we investigated, in the circular muscle of the mouse caecum, the neurotransmitter(s) involved in the neurally-evoked inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) and the existence of possible prejunctional mechanisms controlling neurotransmitter release. Electrical field stimulation with single pulses elicited IJPs, consisting only of a "fast" hyperpolarization, while using train stimuli (30-50 Hz) the initial fast hyperpolarization was followed by a slower hyperpolarization. The fast and the slow component were selectively antagonized by apamin, a blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels, and N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-…
Phagocytosis of erythrocytes in the subarachnoid space at spinal nerve exits
1982
After intracisternal injection of heparinised autologous blood in cats, spinal nerve exits (SNE) of the subarachnoid space (SAS) were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phagocytes, erythrocytes and erythrophages (= macrophages which had phagocytosed red blood cells) were found at SNE. Some lining cells of the SAS had retracted from the adjacent cells and had rounded up. Cells which formed an integral part of the subarachnoid lining cells also had phagocytosed erythrocytes. Debris of an exhausted erythrophage was phagocytosed by other macrophages. Finally the observation has been made that erythrophages are capable of leaving the SAS actively by migrating through the …
Changes of sonographic, magnetic resonance tomographic, electromyographic, and histopathologic findings within a 2-month period of examinations after…
1998
This study compares sonographical, histopathological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electromyographical (EMG) findings following acute muscle denervation. We performed an experimental denervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on 35 New Zealand white rabbits by segment resection of the suprascapular nerve. The sonographical appearance of the supraspinatus muscle was followed and documented at short time intervals within a 2-month follow-up period. The sonographical, histopathological, and MRI changes due to denervation suggest a regular pattern. Apart from the reduction of the muscle diameter, there were considerable sonographical signs of denervation with an increas…
Acute respiratory failure onset in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome after Legionella-associated pneumonia: a case report.
2014
A 69-year-old white man was admitted because of a clinical history of persistent cough and fever. Chest x-rays showed bilateral lung infiltrates with air bronchograms, whereas the urine antigen test resulted positive for Legionella pneumophila. The next day, he was transferred to the intensive care unit and intubated because of severe renal and respiratory distress. Neurological examination revealed distal weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes in lower extremities. Nerve conduction studies displayed severe demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and plasmapheresis was therefore applied with mild improvement. Few weeks after, dysphagia occurred and electrophysiologic tests showed prog…
Temporal weights in loudness: Investigation of the effects of background noise and sound level
2019
Previous research has consistently shown that for sounds varying in intensity over time, the beginning of the sound is of higher importance for the perception of loudness than later parts (primacy effect). However, in all previous studies, the target sounds were presented in quiet, and at a fixed average sound level. In the present study, temporal loudness weights for a time-varying narrowband noise were investigated in the presence of a continuous bandpass-filtered background noise and the average sound levels of the target stimuli were varied across a range of 60 dB. Pronounced primacy effects were observed in all conditions and there were no significant differences between the temporal w…
Biallelic mutations in neurofascin cause neurodevelopmental impairment and peripheral demyelination
2019
See Karakaya and Wirth (doi:10.1093/brain/awz273) for a scientific commentary on this article. Neurofascin (NFASC) isoforms are immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules involved in node of Ranvier assembly. Efthymiou et al. identify biallelic NFASC variants in ten unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable degrees of central and peripheral involvement. Abnormal expression of Nfasc155 is accompanied by severe loss of myelinated fibres.
Uvular paralysis after dental anesthesia
2002
Cranial nerve motor effects resulting from intraoral anesthesia are infrequent but well documented. Facial nerve involvement caused by diffusion of the anesthetic solution towards the parotid can give rise to a transient facial motor defect that tends to disappear as the anesthetic effect wears off.1,2 Facial paralysis lasting for several days has also been related to intraoral anesthesia, possibly due to reflex spasm and ischemic neuritis.1,3 One report described a patient with isolated involvement of the chorda tympani nerve following inferior alveolar injection, associated with dysgeusia.4 Ophthalmologic complications secondary to intraoral anesthesia include transient blindness resultin…
Traumatic fascicular neuroma
1988
A 72-year-old man had developed amiodarone neuropathy. He was found, at biopsy, to have a fascicular neuroma of his right sural nerve, unassociated with his underlying neuropathy, apparently due to blunt trauma, as electroneurographic needling of this nerve could safely be ruled out by the patient and his physicians. Such fascicular neuromas, which may remain without sensory deficits, may develop at an unknown frequency, and may only be uncovered by biopsy — or autopsy — in a coincidental neuropathic process.
Nerve conduction velocity and circulating immunocomplexes in type 1 diabetic children.
1991
There is evidence from several laboratories of an increased prevalence of circulating immuno-complexes (CIC) in diabetic patients. It has also been suggested that CIC are pathogenetically related to chronic diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral nerve function in children with Type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the relationship between the neurophysiological abnormalities and the possible presence of CIC. The investigation was carried out in 25 Type 1 diabetic patients ranging in age from 7-19 years and in 20 normal controls. Neurophysiological assessment was performed to evaluate motor and sensory conduction velocity on median and tibial nerves. IgG-CIC were de…
Indication and technique for the reconstruction of nerve defects in head and neck.
1974
Summary Although the results of peripheral nerve repair have been greatly improved in the last years following the introduction of microsurgery and increased application of free autologous nerve transplants, the use of restorative neuroplasty in maxillofacial surgery has been limited. Prompted by the successful reports on modern neuroplasty, we have introduced the use of autologous nerve transplant to bridge lesions of various cranial nerves. Our experience is based on the treatment of traumatic and tumour-induced defects of the facial nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, accessory and lingual nerve. The anastomosis of nerve was accomplished exclusively under the surgical microscope and microsur…