Search results for "Neural"
showing 10 items of 2783 documents
How many sites of action for endocannabinoids to control energy metabolism?
2006
The promising results obtained by clinical trials using Rimonabant to tackle visceral obesity and related disorders recently promoted a remarkable impulse to carry out detailed investigations into the mechanisms of action of endocannabinoids in regulating food intake and energy metabolism. The endocannabinoid system has been known for many years to play an important role in the modulation of the neuronal pathways mediating the rewarding properties of food. However, in the last few years, with the advanced understanding of the crucial role of the hypothalamic neuronal network in the regulation of appetite, several studies have also directed attention to the orexigenic role of the endocannabi…
An Artificial Neural Network Assisted Dynamic Light Scattering Procedure for Assessing Living Cells Size in Suspension
2020
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is an essential technique used for assessing the size of the particles in suspension, covering the range from nanometers to microns. Although it has been very well established for quite some time, improvement can still be brought in simplifying the experimental setup and in employing an easier to use data processing procedure for the acquired time-series. A DLS time series processing procedure based on an artificial neural network is presented with details regarding the design, training procedure and error analysis, working over an extended particle size range. The procedure proved to be much faster regarding time-series processing and easier to use than fitti…
Modifications in Evoked Activity in the Visual Cortex Induced by the Caudate Nucleus
1971
The visual system, like the other sensorial systems, is subjected to intrinsic, complex control, originating both in the retina (CHANG et al., 1959; ARDUINI and HIRAO, 1960; STERIADE, 1967) and in the visual cortex (BUSER et a/., 1963; JASSIK-GERSCHENFELD and ASCHER, 1963; MEULDERS, 1965), which regulates its input at various levels of the specific pathways. However, the visual system is also influenced by subcortical structures which, though not exerting on it a strictly selective control, determine notable modifications in the level of excitability of the cortical sensorial neurons. It is in fact we11 known that activation of the mesencephalic reticular formation, by increasing the level …
Effects of high power ultrasound treatments on the phenolic, chromatic and aroma composition of young and aged red wine
2019
Abstract In this study, the effects of both ultrasonic bath and probe treatments on the phenolic, chromatic and aroma composition of young red wine Cabernet Sauvignon were studied and modeled by artificial neural networks (ANNs). Moreover, the effect of high power ultrasound (HPU) along with antioxidants addition (sulfur dioxide and glutathione) was investigated during 6 months of aging in bottles. Lower amplitude and temperature, shorter treatment duration and particularly lower frequency showed a more favorable and milder effect on the chemical composition of wine. In the case of the ultrasonic probe treatment, similar effect was achieved primarily by a larger probe diameter as well as lo…
Learning vector quantization with alternative distance criteria
2003
An adaptive algorithm for training of a nearest neighbour (NN) classifier is developed in this paper. This learning rule has some similarity to the well-known LVQ method, but uses the nearest centroid neighbourhood concept to estimate optimal locations of the codebook vectors. The aim of this approach is to improve the performance of the standard LVQ algorithms when using a very small codebook. The behaviour of the learning technique proposed here is experimentally compared to those of the plain k-NN decision rule and the LVQ algorithms.
Analysis of Complete Neuroblast Cell Lineages in the Drosophila Embryonic Brain via DiI Labeling
2013
Proper functioning of the brain relies on an enormous diversity of neural cells generated by neural stem cell-like neuroblasts (NBs). Each of the about 100 NBs in each side of brain generates a nearly invariant and unique cell lineage, consisting of specific neural cell types that develop in defined time periods. In this chapter we describe a method that labels entire NB lineages in the embryonic brain. Clonal DiI labeling allows us to follow the development of an NB lineage starting from the neuroectodermal precursor cell up to the fully developed cell clone in the first larval instar brain. We also show how to ablate individual cells within an NB clone, which reveals information about the…
Five Ways in Which Computational Modeling Can Help Advance Cognitive Science
2019
Abstract There is a rich tradition of building computational models in cognitive science, but modeling, theoretical, and experimental research are not as tightly integrated as they could be. In this paper, we show that computational techniques—even simple ones that are straightforward to use—can greatly facilitate designing, implementing, and analyzing experiments, and generally help lift research to a new level. We focus on the domain of artificial grammar learning, and we give five concrete examples in this domain for (a) formalizing and clarifying theories, (b) generating stimuli, (c) visualization, (d) model selection, and (e) exploring the hypothesis space.
Reconciling time, space and function: a new dorsal-ventral stream model of sentence comprehension.
2013
We present a new dorsal–ventral stream framework for language comprehension which unifies basic neurobiological assumptions (Rauschecker & Scott, 2009) with a cross-linguistic neurocognitive sentence comprehension model (eADM; Bornkessel & Schlesewsky, 2006). The dissociation between (time-dependent)syntactic structure-building and (time-independent) sentence interpretation assumed within thee ADM provides a basis for the division of labour between the dorsal and ventral streams in comprehension.We posit that the ventral stream performs time-independent unifications of conceptual schemata,serving to create auditory objects of increasing complexity. The dorsal stream engages in the time-depe…
Understanding dynamic scenes
2000
We propose a framework for the representation of visual knowledge in a robotic agent, with special attention to the understanding of dynamic scenes. According to our approach, understanding involves the generation of a high level, declarative description of the perceived world. Developing such a description requires both bottom-up, data driven processes that associate symbolic knowledge representation structures with the data coming out of a vision system, and top-down processes in which high level, symbolic information is in its turn employed to drive and further refine the interpretation of a scene. On the one hand, the computer vision community approached this problem in terms of 2D/3D s…
Stepping into others’ shoes: a cognitive perspective on target audience orientation in written translation
2014
This paper suggests what might allow translators to orient themselves towards their target audience in the translation process. To shed light on translators’ ability to put themselves into their target audience’s shoes, I adopt a cognitive perspective by drawing on current findings from psychology, cognitive science and neuroscience. I depart from the notion of target audience as applied to written translation. Aspects to this concept and the terminology of audience in translation studies are briefly discussed. Then I turn to translation process research to examine two empirical studies and one theoretical paper for insights into researching translators’ target audience orientation. Next, I…