Search results for "Neural"
showing 10 items of 2783 documents
Understanding the Significance of the Hypothalamic Nature of the Subthalamic Nucleus
2021
AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an essential component of the basal ganglia and has long been considered to be a part of the ventral thalamus. However, recent neurodevelopmental data indicated that this nucleus is of hypothalamic origin which is now commonly acknowledged. In this work, we aimed to verify whether the inclusion of the STN in the hypothalamus could influence the way we understand and conduct research on the organization of the whole ventral and posterior diencephalon. Developmental and neurochemical data indicate that the STN is part of a larger glutamatergic posterior hypothalamic region that includes the premammillary and mammillary nuclei. The main anatomic charact…
Focal Cortical Lesions Induce Bidirectional Changes in the Excitability of Fast Spiking and Non Fast Spiking Cortical Interneurons
2014
A physiological brain function requires neuronal networks to operate within a well-defined range of activity. Indeed, alterations in neuronal excitability have been associated with several pathological conditions, ranging from epilepsy to neuropsychiatric disorders. Changes in inhibitory transmission are known to play a key role in the development of hyperexcitability. However it is largely unknown whether specific interneuronal subpopulations contribute differentially to such pathological condition. In the present study we investigated functional alterations of inhibitory interneurons embedded in a hyperexcitable cortical circuit at the border of chronically induced focal lesions in mouse …
Synaptic scaling generically stabilizes circuit connectivity
2011
Neural systems regulate synaptic plasticity avoiding overly strong growth or shrinkage of the connections, thereby keeping the circuit architecture operational. Accordingly, several experimental studies have shown that synaptic weights increase only in direct relation to their current value, resulting in reduced growth for stronger synapses [1]. It is, however, difficult to extract from these studies unequivocal evidence about the underlying biophysical mechanisms that control weight growth. The theoretical neurosciences have addressed this problem by exploring mechanisms for synaptic weight change that contain limiting factors to regulate growth [2]. The effectiveness of these mechanisms i…
Semilunar Granule Cells Are the Primary Source of the Perisomatic Excitatory Innervation onto Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus
2020
AbstractWe analyzed the origin and relevance of the perisomatic excitatory inputs on the parvalbumin interneurons of the granule cell layer in mouse. Confocal analysis of the glutamatergic innervation showed that it represents ∼50% of the perisomatic synapses that parvalbumin cells receive. This excitatory input may originate from granule cell collaterals, the mossy cells, or even supramammillary nucleus. First, we assessed the input from the mossy cells on parvalbumin interneurons. Axon terminals of mossy cells were visualized by their calretinin content. Using multicolor confocal microscopy, we observed that less than 10% of perisomatic excitatory innervation of parvalbumin cells could or…
Learning automata based energy-efficient AI hardware design for IoT applications
2020
Energy efficiency continues to be the core design challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) hardware designers. In this paper, we propose a new AI hardware architecture targeting Internet of Things applications. The architecture is founded on the principle of learning automata, defined using propositional logic. The logic-based underpinning enables low-energy footprints as well as high learning accuracy during training and inference, which are crucial requirements for efficient AI with long operating life. We present the first insights into this new architecture in the form of a custom-designed integrated circuit for pervasive applications. Fundamental to this circuit is systematic encodin…
Estudio de la quiescencia y activación de las células madre neurales adultas por uniones adherentes: papel de la N-cadherina.
2017
El descubrimiento de poblaciones de células madre en el cerebro adulto (NSCs) de los mamíferos ha cambiado nuestra visión del sistema nervioso, añadiendo el concepto de plasticidad celular al de plasticidad neural. El conocimiento detallado de los mecanismos que permiten a las NSCs mantenerse indiferenciadas, dividirse de manera asimétrica para auto-perpetuarse mientras generan progenie diferenciada, y activarse para proliferar contribuyendo así a la renovación de ciertas poblaciones de neuronas durante toda la vida se ha convertido en un campo de investigación en continuo avance. El desarrollo de técnicas que permiten la posibilidad de expandir las NSCs in vitro y de estudiarlas en su micr…
Pain Neuroscience Education and Physical Therapeutic Exercise for Patients with Chronic Spinal Pain in Spanish Physiotherapy Primary Care: A Pragmati…
2020
Producción Científica
Pharmacological activation of CB2 receptors counteracts the deleterious effect of ethanol on cell proliferation in the main neurogenic zones of the a…
2015
Chronic alcohol exposure reduces endocannabinoid activity and disrupts adult neurogenesis in rodents, which results in structural and functional alterations. Cannabinoid receptor agonists promote adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. We evaluated the protective effects of the selective CB1 receptor agonist ACEA, the selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 and the fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which enhances endocannabinoid receptor activity, on NPC proliferation in rats with forced consumption of ethanol (10%) or sucrose liquid diets for 2 weeks. We performed immunohistochemical and stereological analyses of cells expressing the mitotic phosphorylation of his…
Effects of an incremental maximal endurance exercise stress-induced cortisol on cognitive performance
2019
Exercise; Cognitive functions; Cortisol Ejercicio físico; Funciones cognitivas; Cortisol Exercici físic; Funcions cognitives; Cortisol Objectives: It can be hypothesized that cognitive performance decreases after fatigue protocol when it coincides with the maximum peak of cortisol. The first aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of a single bout of high intensity exercise on behavioural (i.e., attention and memory) and physiological (i.e., salivary cortisol) responses. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of the performance of the cognitive tasks on cortisol levels. Methods: Thirty-four physically active men (at least 5 days/week of physical activity practice) 38.11 (1.5…
Towards a Comprehension of University Dropout in Catalonia: the Case of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
2015
The article presents the results of a research that aims to unfold the reasons behind students’ dropout at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). Data is analyzed, and interviews and focus groups with students who have dropout, study degree’s coordinators and institutional authorities are carried out. Results indicate that part of the abandonment taking place is voluntary, natural and even necessary, when the student does not enter the desired option or discovers that the studies do not fi t with their vocational interests, but it also represents a misalignment between the academic offer and the students’ capabilities, performance and motivation.