Search results for "Neural"
showing 10 items of 2783 documents
Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC
2012
Here we provide the updated version of the guidelines of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) on the use of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain. The update was undertaken by the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative. Previous EAPC guidelines were reviewed and compared with other currently available guidelines, and consensus recommendations were created by formal international expert panel. The content of the guidelines was defined according to several topics, each of which was assigned to collaborators who developed systematic literature reviews with a common methodology. The recommendations were developed by a writing committee that combined the evidence deriv…
Design and fabrication of an ultra-flexible electrode system for invasive continuous monitoring during surgery
2009
This paper introduces the development, design and characterization of a tube with electrodes for stimulation and recording. This tube can be used as an operative monitoring system for thyroid surgery. In such surgeries damaging of the neural tissue can result in permanently malfunction. Continuous nerve monitoring can reduce significantly this risk.
Clinical and logopaedic results of simultaneous and sequential bilateral implants in children with severe and/or profound bilateral sensorineural hea…
2015
This article carries out a literature review of the advantages and limitations of the simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation (SCI) compared to those of the sequential bilateral cochlear implantation (SBCI) and the unilateral cochlear implantation (UCI). The variables analysed in said comparison are: safety and surgical technique, SCI incidence, effectiveness, impact of the inter-implant interval, costs and financing, impact on brain plasticity, impact on speech and language development, main benefits, main disadvantages and concerns, and predictive factors of prognosis. Although the results are not conclusive, all variables analysed seem to point towards observable benefits of SCI in …
Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: Evidence-based recommendations
2007
Patients with neuropathic pain (NP) are challenging to manage and evidence-based clinical recommendations for pharmacologic management are needed. Systematic literature reviews, randomized clinical trials, and existing guidelines were evaluated at a consensus meeting. Medications were considered for recommendation if their efficacy was supported by at least one methodologically-sound, randomized clinical trial (RCT) demonstrating superiority to placebo or a relevant comparison treatment. Recommendations were based on the amount and consistency of evidence, degree of efficacy, safety, and clinical experience of the authors. Available RCTs typically evaluated chronic NP of moderate to severe …
A retrospective study of 72 cases diagnosed with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in indian populace
2014
Context: Trigeminal neuralgia is as a chronic, debilitating condition, which can have a major impact on quality of life. There are few reports of trigeminal neuralgia in oriental populations. Objectives: To evaluate the retrospective data of the patients diagnosed with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and to understanding the disorder in the Indian populace. Methods: The retrospective data of 72 patients with typical idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia regarding age of onset, gender, site of involvement, clinical presentations and treatment received during three years of the follow up was collected and analyzed. Results: In the present retrospective study, the mean age was 54.9 years; female to …
Graft Healing in ACL Reconstruction: Can We Enhance It in Clinical Practice?
2012
The ACL-Deficient Knee: A Problem Solving Approach, focuses on problem analysis and problem solving, as well as analyzing the possibility of prevention. In each chapter, the biomechanics, anatomy, etc. that are relevant to the topic are reviewed. There are chapters where highly specialized surgical techniques are presented (v. gr. double bundle reconstruction or meniscal transplant), as well as developing areas such as ACL tears in children, where we are finding a growing number of injuries due to the increase of sports at early ages Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using tendon grafts is the current standard to treat the functionally ACL-deficient knee. The s…
Early histological maturation in the hippocampus of the guinea pig.
2000
The vesicular zinc-rich synaptic systems of the principal neurons of the hippocampus are well developed in newborn guinea pigs, a precocial species. In addition, alvear and fimbrial myelinated fibers as well as significant inhibitory interneurons (i.e. somatostatin, parvalbumin and opioid immunoreactive hippocampal interneurons) are also well developed. On the contrary, neither vesicular zinc synapses nor myelinated fibers nor the above mentioned immunoreactive interneurons are detectable in newborn specimens of other related altricial species such as rats or rabbits. These data suggest that early maturation of a highly integrative center related to cognitive map building such as the hippoc…
Otoacoustic emissions: a new method to diagnose hearing impairment in children.
1993
Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are epiphenomena of sensitive, amplifying processes during hearing which can be detected in persons with normal inner ear function. They originate from the cochlea and are interpreted as an energy leakage of cochlear processes, perhaps resulting from active outer hair cell movements. OAEs travel from the cochlea through the middle ear to the external auditory canal where they can be detected using sensitive miniature microphones. Transient evoked (TEOAE) tests allow to otoacoustic emissions non-invasively check the integrity of the cochlea. In the neonatal period, registration of OAEs can be accomplished during natural sleep. In infants and neonates TEOAEs can b…
Tetrodotoxin slightly shortens action potential duration in ventricular but not in atrial heart muscle.
1988
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), at concentrations significantly decreasing maximal upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax) of the action potential, exerted variable effects on action potential duration (APD) in different myocardial preparations. APD was virtually unchanged by tetrodotoxin in the guinea pig atrium, but slightly shortened in the guinea pig ventricle at maximally effective concentrations. In the human ventricle, both dV/dtmax and APD were reduced in the same concentration range of TTX. These results suggest that a TTX-sensitive sodium current significantly contributes to the repolarization phase of the action potential in ventricular but not in atrial heart muscle.
Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured at birth predict later language development in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia.
2005
We report associations between brain event-related potentials (ERPs) measured from newborns with and without familial risk for dyslexia and these same children's later language and verbal memory skills at 2.5, 3.5, and 5 years of age. ERPs to synthetic consonant-vowel syllables (/ba/, /da/, /ga/; presented equiprobably with 3,910-7,285 msec interstimulus intervals) were recorded from 26 newborns at risk for familial dyslexia and 23 control infants participating in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. The correlation and regression analyses showed that the at-risk type of response pattern at birth (a slower shift in polarity from positivity to negativity in responses to /ga/ at 540-…