Search results for "Neurochemistry"

showing 6 items of 46 documents

Modelling the spatial and temporal constrains of the GABAergic influence on neuronal excitability

2021

GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that can mediate depolarizing responses during development or after neuropathological insults. Under which conditions GABAergic membrane depolarizations are sufficient to impose excitatory effects is hard to predict, as shunting inhibition and GABAergic effects on spatiotemporal filtering of excitatory inputs must be considered. To evaluate at which reversal potential a net excitatory effect was imposed by GABA (EGABAThr), we performed a detailed in-silico study using simple neuronal topologies and distinct spatiotemporal relations between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. These simulations revealed for GABAe…

Patch-Clamp TechniquesAction potentialPhysiologyAction PotentialsSynaptic TransmissionNervous SystemBiochemistryMiceNerve FibersAnimal CellsMedicine and Health SciencesGABAergic NeuronsBiology (General)gamma-Aminobutyric AcidNeuronsMembrane potentialEcologyChemistryPyramidal CellsDepolarizationNeurochemistryNeurotransmittersCA3 Region HippocampalElectrophysiologyReceptors GlutamateComputational Theory and MathematicsModeling and SimulationExcitatory postsynaptic potentialGABAergicAnatomyCellular TypesShunting inhibitionResearch Articlemedicine.drugQH301-705.5Models NeurologicalNeurophysiologyAMPA receptorMembrane Potentialgamma-Aminobutyric acidCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceGlutamatergicSpatio-Temporal AnalysisGeneticsmedicineAnimalsComputer SimulationReceptors AMPAReversal potentialMolecular BiologyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsComputational BiologyBiology and Life SciencesNeural InhibitionDendritesCell BiologyNeuronal DendritesAxonsMice Inbred C57BLAnimals Newbornnervous systemCellular NeuroscienceSynapsesDepolarizationNeuroscienceNeurosciencePLOS Computational Biology
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Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity across Body Mass Index in Females : Moderating Effect of Endocannabinoids and Temperament

2014

Altres ajuts: This manuscript was supported by grants from Instituto Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/210 and CIBERobn). Sarah Sauchelli is recipient of a pre-doctoral Grant (2013-17) by IDIBELL. Jose C. Fernández-García is recipient of a 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences…

PhysiologyObesidad:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass Index [Medical Subject Headings]Social SciencesDonesÍndice de masa corporalBlood plasmaBiochemistry:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Overweight::Obesity [Medical Subject Headings]Body Mass IndexMorbid obesityEndocrinologyFemalesMedicine and Health SciencesHomeostasisPsychologyPublic and Occupational HealthBody mass index (BMI)Big Five personality traitsmedia_commonMultidisciplinaryQRNeurochemistryMiddle AgedLipidsEating disordersEndocannabinoidesPhysiological ParametersHomeostatic MechanismsEating disordersMedicineHarm avoidanceObesitatFemaleBehavioral and Social Aspects of HealthBioelectrical impedance analysisResearch ArticlePersonality:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Arachidonic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyEsfuerzo físicoMujerSciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectObesitat mòrbidaExerciciMotor ActivityBiology:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Personality::Temperament [Medical Subject Headings]Internal medicinemedicine:Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes::Physical Exertion [Medical Subject Headings]HumansÁcidos araquidónicosWomenObesitySports and Exercise MedicineTemperamentTrastorns de la conducta alimentàriaExerciseMotivationBehavior:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]Human MovementPhysical activityTemperamentoBody WeightCognitive PsychologyNovelty seekingBiology and Life SciencesModerate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)NeuroendocrinologyPlasma sanguinimedicine.diseaseObesityMorbid ObesityMetabolismEndocrinology:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Cognitive ScienceTemperamentEnergy MetabolismPhysiological ProcessesBody mass indexNeuroscienceEndocannabinoids
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eNOS Activation by HDL Is Impaired in Genetic CETP Deficiency.

2014

Mutations in the CETP gene resulting in defective CETP activity have been shown to cause remarkable elevations of plasma HDL-C levels, with the accumulation in plasma of large, buoyant HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein E. Genetic CETP deficiency thus represents a unique tool to evaluate how structural alterations of HDL impact on HDL atheroprotective functions. Aim of the present study was to assess the ability of HDL obtained from CETP-deficient subjects to protect endothelial cells from the development of endothelial dysfunction. HDL isolated from one homozygous and seven heterozygous carriers of CETP null mutations were evaluated for their ability to down-regulate cytokine-induced…

Settore MED/09 - Medicina InternaCHOLESTEROL EFFLUXApolipoprotein BEpidemiologylcsh:MedicineANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIESmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryVascular Medicinechemistry.chemical_compoundHigh-density lipoproteinEnosMedicine and Health SciencesEndothelial dysfunctionlcsh:ScienceMutationMultidisciplinarybiologyHomozygoteCETP; eNOS; HDL;NeurochemistryLipidsGenetic EpidemiologyeNOSlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)AnatomyNeurochemicalsLipoproteins HDLResearch Articlemedicine.medical_specialtyDrug Research and DevelopmentHDLNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIILipoproteinsENDOTHELIAL FUNCTIONINHIBITIONCardiologyDown-RegulationVascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1Nitric OxideCELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1Lipid Metabolism Inborn ErrorsESTER TRANSFER PROTEINInternal medicineCETPCholesterylester transfer proteinHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsmedicineHumansNITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASEInflammationClinical GeneticsPharmacologyCholesterollcsh:RTorcetrapibEndothelial CellsBiology and Life SciencesProteinsnutritional and metabolic diseasesLipid MetabolismAtherosclerosismedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationCholesterol Ester Transfer Proteinscarbohydrates (lipids)MetabolismEndocrinologychemistryOther Clinical MedicineMutationImmunologyCardiovascular Anatomybiology.proteinlcsh:QTORCETRAPIBClinical MedicineHIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINSCAVENGER RECEPTOR BI
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Chronic Adult Hydrocephalus

1974

Knowledge of Wallerian degeneration began in 1852 and, following experimental research on degeneration and regeneration of interrupted nerves, surgeons realized that reinnervation of end organs depended on growth of axons through the interrupted area of nerve. Therefore surgeons tried to reanastomose the stumps. Failures of reinnervation could not be blamed on lack of axoplasma metabolism and flow from cell body to suture line because the clinical observation of amputation neuromas and their constant recurrence demonstrated the unfailing delivery of axoplasma by the nerve cell body; at times to the deep concern of the surgeon, and the constant pain of the patient. The electron microscope sh…

Wallerian degenerationmedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.medical_treatmentObstructive hydrocephalusDegeneration (medical)Pressure rangeInternal medicineMedicineNeurochemistryAxonCsf shuntbusiness.industryVentricular dilatationRegeneration (biology)medicine.diseasenervous system diseasesHydrocephalusSurgerymedicine.anatomical_structureAxoplasmAmputationNormal csf pressureCardiologySubarachnoid spacebusinessReinnervation
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The state of art of biological processes in paternal care

2014

This review of the state of art aimed to present the most recent data on neuronal, neurochemical, hormonal and genetic bases of paternal care using MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases (1970-2013). An integrated model of biological substrates that assist men in the transition to fatherhood is presented. Guided by a genetic background, hypothalamic-midbrain-limbic-paralimbic-cortical circuits were found to be activated in fathers when infant stimuli are presented. A set of specifi c neuropeptides and steroid hormones are produced and seem to be related to brain activation, potentiating the paternal phenotype. Together, genetic, brain and hormonal processes suggest the existence of biological bases…

lcsh:BF1-990Social SciencesPsycINFOprocessos neuroquímicosPaternidade03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineNeurochemicalGeneticNeurochemistryativação neuronalSet (psychology)General Psychology030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesNeurochemistrygenéticaGenéticaPhenotypeNeural activationPaternal carelcsh:PsychologyState of artPsychologyPaternal careNeuroscienceAtivação neuronal030217 neurology & neurosurgeryProcessos neuroquímicosHormonePsicologia: Reflexão e Crítica
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Neurochemistry of identified motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle in rat middle ear

2008

The objective of the present study was to identify efferent and afferent transmitters of motoneurons of the tensor tympani muscle (MoTTM) to gain more insight into the neuronal regulation of the muscle. To identify MoTTM, we injected the fluorescent neuronal tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the muscle after preparation of the middle ear in adult rats. Upon terminal uptake and retrograde neuronal transport, we observed FG in neurons located lateral and ventrolateral to the motor trigeminal nucleus ipsilateral to the injection site. Immunohistochemical studies of these motoneurons showed that apparently all contained choline acetyltransferase, demonstrating their motoneuronal character. Different…

medicine.medical_specialtyStilbamidinesEar MiddleNeuropeptideSubstance PCalcitonin gene-related peptideInjections IntramuscularTensor tympani muscleCholine O-AcetyltransferaseRats Sprague-Dawleychemistry.chemical_compoundInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsNeuronal transportFluorescent DyesMotor NeuronsStaining and LabelingTyrosine hydroxylaseChemistryNeuropeptidesNeurochemistryNeuropeptide Y receptorImmunohistochemistryCholine acetyltransferaseSensory SystemsRatsEndocrinologynervous systemFemaleTensor TympaniHearing Research
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