Search results for "Neuroimaging"

Less Effort, Better Results: How Does Music Act on Prefrontal Cortex in Older Adults during Verbal Encoding? An fNIRS Study

2014

Several neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging revealed deficits in episodic memory abilities as a result of prefrontal cortex (PFC) limitations. Improving episodic memory performance despite PFC deficits is thus a critical issue in aging research. Listening to music stimulates cognitive performance in several non-purely musical activities (e.g., language and memory). Thus, music could represent a rich and helpful source during verbal encoding and therefore help subsequent retrieval. Furthermore, such benefit could be reflected in less demand of PFC, which is known to be crucial for encoding processes. This study aimed to investigate whether music may improve episodic memory in older adult…

Ruolo dell’imaging funzionale nel management delle emorragie cerebrali atipiche: proposta di un protocollo diagnostico derivato dalla sperimentazione…

2005

2017

Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptat…

Altered prefrontal cortex responses in older adults with subjective memory complaints and dementia during dual‐task gait : an fNIRS study

2021

People with cognitive impairments show deficits during physical performances such as gait, in particular during cognitively‐challenging conditions (i.e. dual‐task gait [DTG]). However it is unclear if people at risk of dementia, such as those with subjective memory complaints (SMC), also display gait and central deficits associated with DTG. In this study, we investigated the effects of single‐ and dual‐task gait (STG and DTG), on left prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in elderly people with subjective memory complaints (SMC) and Dementia. 58 older adults (aged 65‐94 yrs; 26 Healthy; 23 SMC; 9 Dementia) were recruited. Gait spatiotemporal characteristics (i.e. stride velocity and length) w…

Cortical correlates of language perception : neuromagnetic studies in adults and children

2007

Kielen havaitsemisen päämääränä on ymmärtää kuullun tai luetun viestin sisältö. Itse havaitseminen on meille näennäisen vaivatonta. Puheen tunnistaminen ja lukeminen ovat kuitenkin tulos monimutkaisesta aivokuorella tapahtuvasta laskennasta, jonka lähtökohtana on silmän ja korvan vastaanottama fysikaalinen signaali.Tiina Parviainen tarkasteli väitöstutkimuksessaan kielen käsittelyn aivomekanismeja normaalisti lukevilla ja lukivaikeuksisilla aikuisilla sekä lukemaan opettelevilla lapsilla. Hän selvitti kirjoitetun ja puhutun kielen käsittelyyn liittyvää aktivaatioketjua aivoissa ja siinä esiintyviä eroja aikuisten ja lasten välillä. Kielen aivomekanismien kartoituksessa on keskeistä aktivaat…

Brain Functional Effects of Psychopharmacological Treatment in Major Depression: A Focus on Neural Circuitry of Affective Processing

2015

In the last two decades, neuroimaging research has reached a much deeper understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of major depression (MD) and has converged on functional alterations in limbic and prefrontal neural networks, which are mainly linked to altered emotional processing observed in MD patients. To date, a considerable number of studies have sought to investigate how these neural networks change with pharmacological antidepressant treatment. In the current review, we therefore discuss results from a) pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the effects of selective serotonin or noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors on neural activation…

Processing of a spoken narrative in the human brain is shaped by family cultural background

2020

ABSTRACTUsing neuroimaging, we studied influence of family cultural background on processing of an audiobook in human brain. The audiobook depicted life of two young Finnish men, one with the Finnish and the other with the Russian family background. Shared family cultural background enhanced similarity of narrative processing in the brain at prelexical, word, sentence, and narrative levels. Similarity was also enhanced in brain areas supporting imagery. The cultural background was further reflected as semantic differences in word lists by which the subjects described what had been on their minds when they heard the audiobook during neuroimaging. Strength of social identity shaped word, sent…

Brain Structure MR Imaging Methods: Morphometry and Tractography

2013

Brain morphology is in constant change from the very beginning of the neurodevelopment in human beings. The characterization of the brain morphology and its biological implications on a specific subject is a complex task which requires efficient computational approaches. Radiology has traditionally assessed the main brain changes in different alterations from a macroscopic point of view, thus, not considering subtle changes as a results of neuronal plasticity. In conjunction with functional information, the structural neuroimaging methods have established as the key in the diagnosis of several central nervous system disorders, including tumours, neurodegenerative disorders and psychiatric d…

2020

Regular physical activity (PA) offers positive effects on the human body. However, the effects of PA on cognition and in the brain are less clear. In this paper, we narratively review the relationship of PA with cognition and dementia, first from general perspective and then through genetically informed studies on the topic. Then we move on to imaging studies on exercise and brain anatomy first by presenting an overall picture of the topic and then discussing brain imaging studies addressing PA and brain structure in twins in more detailed way. Regarding PA and cognition or dementia, genetically informed studies are uncommon, even though the relationship between PA and cognitive ageing has …

Segmentation of Positron Emission Tomography Images Using Multi-atlas Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

2021

Positron emission tomography (PET), is a medical imaging technique, it provides information about the body’s cellular function rather than its anatomy. However, due to the functional nature of PET images, locating the anatomical structures in such an image remains a challenging task, indeed, PET images only provide very little anatomical information. Segmentation of PET images, therefore, requires the intervention of a medical expert. The expert proceeds to a manual segmentation of a volume slice by slice, which turns out to be very tedious and costly in terms of time. In this article, we present, evaluate, and make available a multi-atlas approach for automatically segmenting human brain P…