Search results for "Neurologi"

Shaping pseudoneglect with transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation and music listening

2015

Non-invasive brain stimulation modulates cortical excitability depending on the initial activation state of the structure being stimulated. Combination of cognitive with neurophysiological stimulations has been successfully employed to modulate responses of specific brain regions. The present research combined a neurophysiological pre-conditioning with a cognitive conditioning stimulation to modulate behavior. We applied this new state-dependency approach to investigate the cerebellar role in musical and spatial information processing, given that a link between musical perception and visuo-spatial abilities and a clear cerebellar involvement in music perception and visuo-spatial tasks have …

Impaired Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Migraine With Aura? Evidence by an Input-Output Curves Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2011

(Headache 2011;51:726-733) Objective.— An imbalance between activity of inhibitory and facilitatory intracortical circuits could play a central role in migraine etiology. We used input–output curves to achieve further information about intracortical excitability of motor cortex in migraine with aura. Methods.— Input–output curves were measured in the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle at rest in 12 patients suffering from migraine with aura and 8 healthy subjects. Stimuli were delivered at intensity ranging from 100% to 160% of resting motor threshold with 10-second inter-stimulus intervals. Seven patients were studied before and during treatment with levetiracetam. Results.— Results sho…

Consultation neurologique et explorations fonctionnelles

2012

Asymmetric Michael Addition in Synthesis of β-Substituted GABA Derivatives

2022

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents one of the most prolific structural units widely used in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. For example, β-substituted GABA derivatives are found in numerous neurological drugs, such as baclofen, phenibut, tolibut, pregabalin, phenylpiracetam, brivaracetam, and rolipram, to mention just a few. In this review, we critically discuss the literature data reported on the preparation of substituted GABA derivatives using the Michael addition reaction as a key synthetic transformation. Special attention is paid to asymmetric methods featuring synthetically useful stereochemical outcomes and operational simplicity. This research was funded by the National Na…

A low repeat length in oligodendrocyte chromatin

1985

Abstract: The behavior of oligodendrocyte chromatin after micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei was assayed in brains of rats of four different ages. During oligodendrocyte differentiation, a decreasing sensitivity of the chromatin to enzymatic attack was observed. On the other hand, the nucleosomal repeat length showed a slight tendency to increase during development. It is worth noting that even the highest values reported here for “oligodendrocyte’ chromatin repeat lengths are significantly lower than 200 base pairs, the value previously reported by others for “non‐astrocytic glia.” Copyright © 1985, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Experimental study of electrical FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons with modified excitability

2006

International audience; We present an electronical circuit modelling a FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron with a modified excitability. To characterize this basic cell, the bifurcation curves between stability with excitation threshold, bistability and oscillations are investigated. An electrical circuit is then proposed to realize a unidirectional coupling between two cells, mimicking an inter-neuron synaptic coupling. In such a master-slave configuration, we show experimentally how the coupling strength controls the dynamics of the slave neuron, leading to frequency locking, chaotic behavior and synchronization. These phenomena are then studied by phase map analysis. The architecture of a possible ne…

Amyloid precursor protein in platelets: A peripheral marker for the diagnosis of sporadic AD

2001

BACKGROUND: An altered pattern of amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms consisting in a reduced ratio between the upper (130 kDa) and the lower (106 to 110 kDa) immunoreactivity bands has been described in platelets of patients with AD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of platelet APP forms' ratio (APPr) as a marker for AD. METHODS: Eighty-five patients with probable AD and 95 control subjects (CON), including healthy individuals and neurologic patients, entered the study. Platelet APPr was evaluated by means of Western Blot analysis and immunostaining in the whole platelet homogenate, and calculated by the ratio between the optical density (OD) of the upper (130 k…

Amyloid precursor protein in platelets of patients with Alzheimer disease: effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment.

2001

BACKGROUND:Amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms with apparent molecular weights of 130, 110, and 106 kd are present in human platelets. It has been demonstrated that Alzheimer disease (AD) is specifically associated with a decreased APP forms ratio in platelets. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor treatment modifies the ratio of platelet APP forms in patients with AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS:From a large sample of patients with probable AD, 30 with mild to moderate AD were selected. Each patient underwent a clinical evaluation including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and platelet APP forms analysis at baseline and after 30 days. During this interva…

Salivary gland application of botulinum toxin for the treatment of sialorrhea

2007

Sialorrhea or excessive salivation, and drooling, are common and disabling manifestations in different neurological disorders. A review is made of the literature, based on a PubMed search, selecting those articles describing clinical trials involving the injection of botulinum toxin A in the salivary glands of patients with different diseases characterized by sialorrhea. The most frequently treated diseases were infant cerebral palsy (30%), Parkinson’s disease (20%) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (15%). Over half of the authors injected the product into the parotid glands, 9.5% into the submaxillary glands, and 38% into both. The total doses of toxin injected varied from 10-100 units of …

Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria

2020

Importance: There are inconsistencies in concept, criteria, practice, and documentation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) both internationally and within countries. Objective: To formulate a consensus statement of recommendations on determination of BD/DNC based on review of the literature and expert opinion of a large multidisciplinary, international panel. Process: Relevant international professional societies were recruited to develop recommendations regarding determination of BD/DNC. Literature searches of the Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE databases included January 1, 1992, through April 2020 identified pertinent articles for review. Because of the lack of high-quali…