Search results for "Neurologi"

Gender Effect on Parkinson’s disease

2009

Imaging of Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.

2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the degeneration of the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc) with dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. Although the diagnosis of PD is principally based on a clinical assessment, great efforts have been expended over the past two decades to evaluate reliable biomarkers for PD. Among these biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarkers may play a key role. Conventional MRI sequences are considered by many in the field to have low sensitivity, while advanced pulse sequences and ultra-high-field MRI techniques have brought many advantages, partic…

Fisiopatologia dei disturbi comportamentali della Malattia di Parkinson

Modelling the spatial and temporal constrains of the GABAergic influence on neuronal excitability

2021

GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that can mediate depolarizing responses during development or after neuropathological insults. Under which conditions GABAergic membrane depolarizations are sufficient to impose excitatory effects is hard to predict, as shunting inhibition and GABAergic effects on spatiotemporal filtering of excitatory inputs must be considered. To evaluate at which reversal potential a net excitatory effect was imposed by GABA (EGABAThr), we performed a detailed in-silico study using simple neuronal topologies and distinct spatiotemporal relations between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. These simulations revealed for GABAe…

Effect of depolarizing GABAA-mediated membrane responses on excitability of Cajal-Retzius cells in the immature rat neocortex

2011

In immature neurons activation of ionotropic GABA receptors induces depolarizing membrane responses due to a high intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i). However, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the functional consequences of subthreshold GABAergic depolarizations, since GABAergic membrane shunting and additional effects on voltage-dependent ion channels or action potential threshold must be considered. To systematically investigate factors that determine the GABAergic effect on neuronal excitability we performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings from Cajal-Retzius cells in immature rat neocortex, using [Cl−]i between 10 and 50 mM. The effect of focal GABA application was quant…

Immunohistochemical investigation of the brain of aged dogs. I. Detection of neurofibrillary tangles and of 4-hydroxynonenal protein, an oxidative da…

2001

In the aging dog brain lesions develop spontaneously. They share some morphological characteristics with those of Alzheimer 's disease in man. Diffuse and primitive plaques are well known, whereas neuritic plaques rarely develop. Neurofibrillary tangles have not been seen in the canine. The aim of the present investigation was to study major age-related changes of the dog's brain using paraffin sections with respect to cross-immunoreactivity of tau, A beta protein and other immunoreactive components including hydroxynonenal protein, which is a marker for oxidative damage. The occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles and of the protein tau therein was studied in serial brain sections of two dog…

Multiple congenital contractures (Congenital multiple arthrogryposis)

2002

Arthrogryposis, is the occurrence of joint contractures of variable etiology that start prenatally. Arthrogryposis may result from neurologic deficit, neuromuscular disorders, connective tissue abnormalities, amniotic bands, [figure: see text] or fetal crowding. Arthrogryposis may result from no apparent hereditary causes (neuropathic, for example) or may be the result of hereditary factors (myopathic form, for example). Ultrasound diagnosis depends on observation of scant or absent motion of fetal extremities. Prognosis depends on the specific etiology of the contractures.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumor presenting as the initial manifestation of metastatic colon cancer: case report and review of the literature

2007

Study design: Case reports and review of the literature. Objective: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCMs) are rare type of central nervous system (CNS) involvement of systemic malignant tumors. Since the advent of new neuroradiological techniques, their detection have become increasingly diagnosed in recent years and, although somewhat controversial, surgical treatment has been considered a valid option. Setting: Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Clinic Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Italy. Method: The authors describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who was admitted presenting withprogres sive tetraplegia. Investigations revealed an intramedullary spinal cord lesion at the …

Determination of neuronal antibodies in suspected and definite Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

2014

IMPORTANCE: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against neuronal surface antigens (NSA-abs) may present with similar clinical features. Establishing the correct diagnosis has practical implications in the management of care for these patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of NSA-abs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with suspected CJD and in patients with pathologically confirmed (ie, definite) CJD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A mixed prospective (suspected) and retrospective (definite) CJD cohort study was conducted in a reference center for detection of NSA-abs. The population included 346 patients with suspected CJD and 49 pati…

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Brainstem

2007

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a clinically benign stable lesion, most frequently located in the temporal and frontal lobes, often responsible for epilepsy in young adults. We describe an unusual case of DNT in the brainstem of a 45-year-old woman. Brain MRI showed a multicystic-like lesion localized in the left inferior pons, involving the ipsilateral cerebellar peduncle and partially dislocating the fourth ventricle. The specific pattern of MRI and CT appearance of DNT and its benign course (our patient is clinically stable with unchanged MRI images at two year follow-up) may help differentiate this tumor from other lesions, i.e. ganglioglio-mas and glioneural malformati…