Search results for "Neurotransmitter"
showing 5 items of 275 documents
Cigarette smoke alters non-neuronal cholinergic system components inducing MUC5AC production in the H292 cell line.
2013
Abstract Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the expression of Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT), muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, ChAT expression, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine binding were measured in a human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (H292) stimulated with CSE. We performed ChAT/RNA interference experiments in H292 cells stimulated with CSE to study the role of ChAT/acetylcholine in MUC5AC production. The effects of Hemicholinium-3 (HCh-3) (50 μM) (a potent and selective choline uptake blocker) and Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva ® ) (100 nM), alone o…
Preclinical progress with CHF2819, a novel orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
2002
(-)-(3aS,8aS,1S)-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-ol-2′-ethylphenylcarbamate N-oxide hydrochloride (CHF2819) is a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). CHF2819 appears as a selective inhibitor of AChE, being 115 times more potent against this enzyme than butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Moreover, CHF2819 appears more selective for inhibiting central (brain) than peripheral (heart) AChE. In vivo studies show that CHF2819 significantly increases acetylcholine (ACh) levels in young adult rat hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, aged animals exhibit a marked increase in hippocampal concentrations of this…
CHF2819: Pharmacological profile of a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
2002
CHF2819 is a novel orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CHF2819 is a selective inhibitor of AChE, it is 115 times more potent against this enzyme than against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Moreover, CHF2819 is more selective for inhibition of central (brain) AChE than peripheral (heart) AChE. In vivo CHF2819, 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 mg/kg p.o., significantly and in dose-dependent manner increased acetylcholine (ACh) levels in hippocampus of young adult rats. Moreover, aging animals, with lower basal ACh levels than young adult rats, also exhibit a marked increase in hippocampal levels of this neurotransmitter after administ…
Polymorphisms in the Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) Type 2A Receptor (5-HTR2A) Gene, Other Related Genes and Anthropometry
2012
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter, which helps to regulate many physiological processes such as sleep, appetite, eating disorders, thermoregulation, hormone secretion, mood, anxiety, etc. The serotonin and related genes, such as the 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A), the 5-HT transporter gene (SLC6A4), the 5-HT2C receptor gene (HTR2C), or the 5-HT1A receptor (HTR1A) gene, are re-emerging as powerful candidates for studying the association between food intake and anthropometry. Variations in all of these genes need to be studied to better understand the effects of serotonin and its receptors on anthropometry. The most widely studied polymorphism is the −1438G…
Endocannabinoid Role in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning
2009
Endocannabinoids have recently emerged as versatile modulators of synaptic transmission and can act as retrograde neurotransmitters. As they cannot be stored in synaptic vesicles, endocannabinoid signaling is believed to start ‘on-demand,’ via a stimulus-dependent synthesis from membranous precursors at the postsynaptic site. After synthesis, endocannabinoids bind presynaptically to cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, leading to a short- or long-term suppression of neurotransmitter release. CB1 receptors are present in a plethora of different synaptic connections in the brain. Electrophysiological and behavioral analyses of mutant mice lacking CB1 receptors and of pharmacologically treated …