Search results for "Neutron"

showing 10 items of 2330 documents

Beta-Decay Half-Lives and Neutron-Emission Probabilities of Very Neutron-Rich Y to Tc Isotopes

1996

Neutron-rich {sub 39}Y to {sub 43}Tc isotopes have been produced by fission of uranium with a 50MeV H{sub 2}{sup +} beam. Beta-decay half-lives, delayed neutron-emission probabilities, and production yields have been measured and compared with theory. Beta decay of 4 new isotopes is reported, and the {beta}-delayed neutron-emission mode has been discovered for 12 isotopes of the elements niobium and technetium. The results compared to quasiparticle random phase approximation predictions indicate the increasing importance of fast {beta} transitions to high-lying states of nuclei with large neutron excess. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

inorganic chemicalsPhysicsNUCLEISTABILITYIsotopeFissionNeutron emissionAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaNuclear Theorytechnology industry and agriculturePREDICTIONSGeneral Physics and Astronomychemistry.chemical_elementUraniumFISSIONBeta decayYttrium IsotopesNuclear physicschemistryProduction (computer science)NeutronNuclear ExperimentPhysical Review Letters
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Search for Neutrons as Evidence of Cold Fusion

1992

In this paper investigations performed at the University of Palermo in an attempt to reproduce the cold fusion experiment are reported. The search was devoted to detecting neutron emission from palladium electrodes electrolytically charged with deuterium. In no test was neutron emission significantly over the background observed, either in bursts or continuous. Results of a few tests are reported. For the more sensitive test, an upper limit for D(d,n) cold fusion (at 98% confidence level) of {lambda}{sub f} {lt} 3.6 {times} 10{sup {minus}24} fusion/s {center dot} d-d pair is determined.

inorganic chemicalsPhysicsNuclear physicsNuclear reactionFusionDeuteriumNeutron emissionGeneral EngineeringCenter (category theory)NeutronSensitivity (control systems)Atomic physicsCold fusionFusion Technology
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Dose calculation in biological samples in a mixed neutron-gamma field at the TRIGA reactor of the University of Mainz

2010

To establish Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for non-resectable liver metastases and for in vitro experiments at the TRIGA Mark II reactor at the University of Mainz, Germany, it is necessary to have a reliable dose monitoring system. The in vitro experiments are used to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of liver and cancer cells in our mixed neutron and gamma fi eld. We work with alanine detectors in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, where we can measure and characterize the dose. To verify our calculations we perform neutron fl ux measurements using gold foil activation and pin-diodes . Material and methods . When L- α -alanine is irradiated with ionizing …

inorganic chemicalsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsQuantitative Biology::Tissues and OrgansPhysics::Medical PhysicsBoron Neutron Capture TherapyValidation Studies as TopicModels BiologicalIonizing radiationTRIGAHospitals UniversityNuclear ReactorsCell Line TumorGermanyRelative biological effectivenessMedicineDosimetryHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNeutronNeutronsbusiness.industryRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedRadiochemistryLiver NeoplasmsRadiotherapy DosageHematologyGeneral MedicineHep G2 CellsNeutron temperatureNeutron captureOncologyGamma RaysAbsorbed dosebusinessNuclear medicineColorectal Neoplasms
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Study of the response of phenol compounds exposed to thermal neutrons beams for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance dosimetry

2015

Abstract This paper reports the results regarding a new organic compound (IRGANOX ® 1076 phenols) with and without low content (5% by weight) of gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ) for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) dosimetry of neutron beams. The dependence of EPR signal as function of neutron dose was investigated in the fluence range studied between 10 11  cm −2 to 10 14  cm −2 . We evaluated also the effect of gadolinium on 60 Co gamma photon sensitivity of this organic compound. Our analysis showed that a low concentration of gadolinium oxide (of the order of 5% of the total mass of the dosimeter) can enhance the thermal neutron sensitivity more than 10 times with a small reduction of …

inorganic chemicalsRadiationDosimeterChemistrySettore ING-IND/18 - Fisica Dei Reattori NucleariSettore ING-IND/20 - Misure E Strumentazione NucleariGadoliniumRadiochemistrySettore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentalechemistry.chemical_elementGadoliniumFluenceNeutron temperatureSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)law.inventionElectron Paramagnetic ResonanceNCT dosimetryPhenolslawDosimetryNeutronIrradiationElectron paramagnetic resonanceInstrumentationNeutron beam
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EPR DOSIMETRY IN A MIXED NEUTRON AND GAMMA RADIATION FIELD

2004

Suitability of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for criticality dosimetry was evaluated for tooth enamel, mannose and alanine pellets during the 'international intercomparison of criticality dosimetry techniques' at the SILENE reactor held in Valduc in June 2002, France. These three materials were irradiated in neutron and gamma-ray fields of various relative intensities and spectral distributions in order to evaluate their neutron sensitivity. The neutron response was found to be around 10% for tooth enamel, 45% for mannose and between 40 and 90% for alanine pellets according their type. According to the IAEA recommendations on the early estimate of criticality accident a…

inorganic chemicalsSafety ManagementMaterials scienceQuality Assurance Health CareRadiation DosageRisk AssessmentSensitivity and Specificitylaw.inventionRadiation Protectionstomatognathic systemlawNuclear ReactorsRisk FactorsmedicineDosimetryHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNeutronIrradiationElectron paramagnetic resonanceSpectroscopyRadiometryNeutronsObserver VariationRadiationRadiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industryRadiochemistryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyReproducibility of ResultsGeneral MedicineReference StandardsTooth enamelEPR DOSIMETRY MIXED NEUTRON AND GAMMA RADIATION FIELDstomatognathic diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureCriticalityGamma RaysAbsorbed doseBody BurdenFranceNuclear medicinebusinessRadioactive Hazard ReleaseRelative Biological Effectiveness
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closo-borane conjugated regulatory peptides retain high biological affinity: synthesis of closo-borane conjugated Tyr(3)-octreotate derivatives for B…

2008

Despite the improvements in cancer therapy during the past years, high-grade gliomas and many other types of cancer are still extremely resistant to current forms of therapy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) provides a promising way to destroy cancer cells without damaging healthy tissue. However, BNCT in practice is still limited due to the lack of boron-containing compounds that selectively deliver boron to cancer cells. Since many neuroendocrine tumors show an overexpression of the somatostatin receptor, it was our aim to synthesize compounds that contain a large number of boron atoms and still show high affinity toward this transmembrane receptor. The synthetic peptide Tyr (3)-octre…

inorganic chemicalsStereochemistryBiomedical EngineeringPharmaceutical ScienceBioengineeringPeptideBoron Neutron Capture TherapyCHO CellsConjugated systemBoranePeptides CyclicCell Linechemistry.chemical_compoundCricetulusCricetinaeNeoplasmsMoietyAnimalsHumansBinding siteBoranesPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationOctreotateBinding SitesSomatostatin receptorOrganic ChemistryCell MembranechemistryCancer cellBiotechnologyBioconjugate chemistry
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Receptor-mediated uptake of boron-rich neuropeptide y analogues for boron neutron capture therapy.

2014

Peptidic ligands selectively targeting distinct G protein-coupled receptors that are highly expressed in tumor tissue represent a promising approach in drug delivery. Receptor-preferring analogues of neuropeptide Y (NPY) bind and activate the human Y1 receptor subtype (hY1 receptor), which is found in 90% of breast cancer tissue and in all breast-cancer-derived metastases. Herein, novel highly boron-loaded Y1 -receptor-preferring peptide analogues are described as smart shuttle systems for carbaboranes as (10) B-containing moieties. Various positions in the peptide were screened for their susceptibility to carbaborane modification, and the most promising positions were chosen to create a mu…

inorganic chemicalsStereochemistrymedia_common.quotation_subjectMolecular Sequence Datachemistry.chemical_elementPeptideBoron Neutron Capture TherapyBreast NeoplasmsBiochemistrySolid-phase synthesisDrug DiscoveryChlorocebus aethiopsAnimalsHumansNeuropeptide YAmino Acid SequenceGeneral Pharmacology Toxicology and PharmaceuticsReceptorInternalizationBoronBoranesmedia_commonPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationChemistryOrganic ChemistryReceptor-mediated endocytosisNeuropeptide Y receptorReceptors Neuropeptide YHEK293 CellsDrug deliveryCOS CellsMolecular MedicineFemaleChemMedChem
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Hydration dependence of myoglobin dynamics studied with elastic neutron scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectr…

2014

In this work we present a thorough investigation of the hydration dependence of myoglobin dynamics. The study is performed on D2O-hydrated protein powders in the hydration range 0<h<0.5 (h≡gr[D2O]/gr[protein]) and in the temperature range 20-300K. The protein equilibrium fluctuations are investigated with Elastic Neutron Scattering using the spectrometer IN13 at ILL (Grenoble), while the relaxations of the protein + hydration water system are investigated with Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy; finally, Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to obtain a thermodynamic description of the system. The effect of increasing hydration is to speed up the relaxations of the myoglobin + hydration …

inorganic chemicalsWork (thermodynamics)BiophysicsNeutron scatteringMolecular Dynamics SimulationBiochemistryPhase Transitionchemistry.chemical_compoundDifferential scanning calorimetryAnimalsHorsesRange (particle radiation)Calorimetry Differential ScanningMyoglobinProtein dynamicsOrganic ChemistryDynamics (mechanics)WaterSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Neutron DiffractionMyoglobinchemistryChemical physicsDielectric SpectroscopyPhysical chemistryGlass transition•Protein dynamics •Equilibrium fluctuations •Protein/hydration water relaxations •Glass transition •Hydration water liquid-liquid transitionBiophysical chemistry
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On the effect of the nature of counterions on the self-assembly of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acids

2020

In this contribution, we investigate the effect of the type of counterion on the properties of dilute solutions of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acids. Two different surfactants, presenting an oleic acid alkyl chain and on-average five and nine ethylene oxide units, and terminated by a weakly anionic carboxymethyl group were studied. The surfactants were gradually ionized with sodium hydroxide, arginine, and choline hydroxide. The solutions properties were probed by light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, density and sound velocity measurements, as well as by small-angle neutron scattering. To our initial surprise, no specific effect arising from the nature of the counterion co…

inorganic chemicalschemistry.chemical_classificationEthylene oxideCharge density02 engineering and technologyGeneral ChemistryNeutron scattering010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics01 natural sciences0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundPulmonary surfactantchemistrySodium hydroxideCounterion condensationSurfactantPolymer chemistryCounterion0210 nano-technologyAlkylSettore CHIM/02 - Chimica FisicaSoft Matter
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Exclusive measurement of quasi-free η-photoproduction from deuterium

2003

Quasi-free photoproduction of eta-mesons from the deuteron has been measured at the tagged photon facility of the Mainz microtron MAMI with the photon spectrometer TAPS for incident photon energies from the production threshold at 630 MeV up to 820 MeV. In a fully exclusive measurement eta-mesons and recoil nucleons were detected in coincidence. At incident photon energies above the production threshold on the free nucleon, where final state interaction effects are negligible, an almost constant ratio of sigma(n)/sigma(p)=0.66+/-0.10 was found. At lower incident photon energies the ratio rises due to re-scattering effects. The average ratio agrees with the value extracted from a comparison …

interaction [photon p]0.63-0.82 GeVNuclear and High Energy Physicstagged beam [photon]Photoninteraction [photon n]ProtonNuclear Theoryeffect [nucleon resonance]FOS: Physical sciences7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesResonance (particle physics)energy dependenceexperimental results [spectrometer]Nuclear physicsMainz Linacphoton deuteron --> eta n pRecoil0103 physical sciencesddc:530recoil [nucleon]NeutronNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)ratio [channel cross section]spectator [model]Nuclear Experiment010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentMicrotronQCPhysicsphotoproduction [eta]010308 nuclear & particles physicsmultiple scatteringphoton deuteron --> eta anythingangular dependenceDeuteriuminteraction [photon deuteron]High Energy Physics::ExperimentAtomic physicsNucleonThe European Physical Journal A
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