Search results for "Nitrites"
showing 10 items of 75 documents
Nitric Oxide in Plants: Production and Cross-talk with Ca2+ Signaling
2008
International audience; Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gas that performs crucial functions in a wide array of physiological processes in animals. The past several years have revealed much about its roles in plants. It is well established that NO is synthesized from nitrite by nitrate reductase (NR) and via chemical pathways. There is increasing evidence for the occurrence of an alternative pathway in which NO production is catalysed from L-arginine by a so far non-identified enzyme. Contradictory results have been reported regarding the respective involvement of these enzymes in specific physiological conditions. Although much remains to be proved, we assume that these inconsistencies can …
A meta-analysis on the ecological effects of aquaculture on the water column: dissolved nutrients
2007
Environmental effects of aquaculture loadings have often been reviewed descriptively, and thus have not provided quantitative estimates of the overall response in the water column. Meta-analytical reviewing techniques allow the contextualisation of quantitative effects in the domain of current literature. In the present paper, more than 50 peer-reviewed articles were analysed and about 425 study cases used to test whether worldwide cultivations have a differential effect on dissolved nutrient levels. Meta-analysis feasibility depends on obtaining an estimate of the effect size from every study and the most common measure of effect size (Hedges’ d) is the difference between means of controls…
Venlafaxine prevents morphine antinociceptive tolerance: The role of neuroinflammation and the l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway.
2017
Abstract Opioid-induced neuroinflammation and the nitric oxide (NO) signal-transduction pathway are involved in the development of opioid analgesic tolerance. The antidepressant venlafaxine (VLF) modulates NO in nervous tissues, and so we investigated its effect on induced tolerance to morphine, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in mice. Tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine were induced by injecting mice with morphine (50 mg/kg) once a day for three consecutive days; the effect of co-administration of VLF (5 or 40 mg/kg) with morphine was similarly tested in a separate group. To determine if the NO precursor l -arginine hydrochloride ( l -arg) or NO are involved in the effec…
Oral health and systemic inflammatory, cardiac and nitroxid biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.
2016
Background Periodontal diseases have systemic inflammatory effects and have been adversely associated with cardiovascular diseases, which are also the most frequent cause of death in the end-stage renal disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the oral health and serum biomarkers among the hemodialysis (HD) patients in Slovenia. Material and Methods 111 HD patients were periodontally examined and their sera were assayed for C reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin T (TnT), nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The association of oral health with systemic response was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher’s exa…
Inorganic nitrite and nitrate in cardiovascular therapy: A better alternative to organic nitrates as nitric oxide donors?
2017
In 1867 the organic nitrite, amyl nitrite, was introduced as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of angina pectoris and was later substituted by the organic nitrate nitroglycerin (NTG). Despite having a highly potent vasodilator capacity in veins>coronary arteries>arterioles, the vasodilator effects NTG are rapidly attenuated by the development of nitrate tolerance. We and others established that NTG treatment stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and peroxynitrite with subsequent marked attenuation of the NTG vasodilator potency. The nitrite anion (NO2-) has more recently been characterized to possess novel pharmacotherapeutic actions such as modulation o…
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Alleviates Pulmonary Hypertension and Basal Lamina Thickening in Rats Challenged by Chronic Hypoxia
2018
javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@6f8948ff Hypoxia represents both an outcome of cardiopulmonary diseases and a trigger for severe pulmonary complications as pulmonary hypertension. Because nitric oxide (NO) is a critical mediator in the development of pulmonary hypertension, the modulators of its downstream function may become target of pharmacological interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of this condition. Here, we investigate the effects of an early administration of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in rats where pulmonary artery hypertension was induced by chronic exposure to hypoxia. javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@162dc677 Rats were divided into three groups: normoxic control, hypoxic with …
Angiotensin II dependent cardiac remodeling in the eel Anguilla anguilla involves the NOS/NO system
2017
Angiotensin II (AngII), the principal effector of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), plays an important role in controlling mammalian cardiac morpho-functional remodelling. In the eel Anguilla anguilla, one month administration of AngII improves cardiac performance and influences the expression and localization of molecules which regulate cell growth. To deeper investigate the morpho-functional chronic influences of AngII on the eel heart and the molecular mechanisms involved, freshwater eels (A. anguilla) were intraperitoneally injected for 2 months with AngII (1 nmol g BW-1). Then the isolated hearts were subjected to morphological and western blotting analyses, and nitrite measurements.…
Nitric Oxide Production and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Platelet Membranes of Coronary Heart Disease Patients with and without Diabetes
2001
<i>Aim:</i> To evaluate the levels of nitrite (NO<sup>–</sup><sub>2</sub>) and nitrate (NO<sup>–</sup><sub>3</sub>) ions and the incorporation of [<sup>3</sup>H]arachidonic acid (AA) into phospholipids of platelet membranes from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without diabetes (NIDDM). <i>Subjects and Methods:</i> Eighteen CAD patients (group A), 18 CAD patients with NIDDM (group B), and 20 healthy controls (group C) without dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension were included in the study. The groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. The diagnosis of CAD was …
Correlation of nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide changes with altered cGMP homeostasis in liver cirrhosis.
2005
: Background: Cyclic GMP (cGMP) concentration is increased in plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis. Three possible mechanisms may contribute: increased cGMP synthesis by soluble (activated by nitric oxide), or particulate (activated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)) guanylate cyclase or increased release from cells. Aim: The aim of this work was to analyze the possible contributors to increased plasma cGMP and to assess whether changes in the parameters of the system vary with the degree of liver disease (Child Pugh score) or by the presence of ascites. Methods: We measured cGMP in plasma and lymphocytes, soluble guanylate cyclase activation by nitric oxide in lymphocytes, nitrates an…
Lipid Peroxidation, Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Their Ratio in a Group of Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
2014
Our aim was to evaluate lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide metabolites (nitrite + nitrate) expressed asNOx, and TBARS/NOxratio in a group of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). In this regard we enrolled 106 subjects with MS defined according to the IDF criteria, subsequently subdivided into diabetic (DMS) and nondiabetic (NDMS) and also into subjects with a low triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) index or with a high TG/HDL-C index. In the entire group and in the four subgroups of MS subjects we found an increase in TBARS andNOxlevels and a decrease in TBARS/NOxratio in comparison with normal controls. Regarding all these …