Search results for "Nitrogen"

Understanding of pea capacity to recover in terms of growth and nitrogen acquisition after water stress : molecular and ecophysiologic studies

2020

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has the unique ability to fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) via a symbiosis with soil bacteria in root nodules. Although this specificity makes this crop particularly interesting in the context of agroecological transition, symbiotic nitrogen fixation is particularly sensitive to abiotic stresses such as water deficit, which contributes to the yield instability of this protein crop and reduces its interest for farmers. Yield stability depends both on plant's ability to tolerate stress and on its ability to recover after stress. However, the mechanisms involved during the recovery period have been for now poorly explored. It is, therefore, essential to identify traits of…

Légumineuses et prairies temporaires : des fournitures d'azote pour les rotations

2015

Intervention présentée aux Journées de l'AFPF, "La fertilité des sols dans les systèmes fourragers", les 8 et 9 avril 2015; Les atouts des légumineuses (fixation symbiotique, diversité fonctionnelle...) leur permettent de contribuer à la fertilité des sols, à l'amélioration de la durabilité de l'agriculture et de l'autonomie protéique des systèmes alimentaires. Il convient donc de mieux connaître leurs rôles, directs et indirects, dans les flux d'azote des rotations.Les légumineuses fourragères (en culture pure ou dans des couverts multispécifiques) représentent une grande part des apports azotés symbiotiques. Il existe une grande diversité d'implication des légumineuses dans les rotations.…

Legacy effects of contrasting water and N-availability patterns on plantmicrobial response to rewetting

2019

National audience; Introduction. Shifts in the frequency and magnitude of rain events (precipitation regime) associated with climate change may affect plant morphological and physiological strategies as well as soil microbial activity.Objectives. The objective of this study was to determine i) how precipitation history shapes the response dynamics of soil bacterial and fungal communities to rewetting, as well as plant-microbial competition for N, and ii) how the N status of the system may modulate the effect of precipitation regime.Materials & methods. The legacy effects of 12 weeks of contrasting precipitation (frequent or infrequent watering, equal total water input) and N inputs was asse…

Promenade among terrestrial denitrifiers: from genetics to ecology

2011

Non destructive nodulated root phenotyping of pea recombinant inbred lines

2007

National audience

Combining plant genetic, ecophysiological and microbiological approaches to enhance nitrogen uptake in legumes

2009

International audience

Contribution of bacteria to initial input and cycling of nitrogen in soils

2005

Soil microbial diversity matters for denitrification and reduction of the greenhouse gas N2O

2016

Optimization for the determination of enzyme activities in various pea tissues

2014

Rapport de Stage de Master 1 EA Geapsi CT2 EA EJ1; In an environmental and political context which requests an increase of food production and a decrease in fertilizer use, pea culture seems to be one solution due on the one hand to its atmospheric nitrogen fixation and on the other hand to the important nitrogen quantity left by plants in the soil after harvest. But pea plants are very sensitive to soil water stress, that’s why scientists are searching information about enzyme activities to reveal how peas react when they are submitted to drought in the purpose of minimizing the negative impact and thus reach optimum yields. This report focuses on key enzymes involved in carbon and nitroge…

Bridging microbial community ecology and ecosystem functioning

2014

Microbial communities have a central role in many ecosystem functions such as biogeochemical cycling. Large variation in N-fluxes has been widely documented, mirroring the complexity of the underlying mechanisms. However, application of molecular biology approaches during the last decade has given the opportunity to look beyond these fluxes and to study the genetic and the ecology of the microorganisms involved in N-cycling. In this talk, I will give examples of a trait-centered approach for bridging microbial community ecology, microbial processes and ecosystem functioning.