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Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) in GtoPdb v.2021.3

2021

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors [50]) are activated by the endogenous agonist acetylcholine. All five (M1-M5) mAChRs are ubiquitously expressed in the human body and are therefore attractive targets for many disorders. Functionally, M1, M3, and M5 mAChRs preferentially couple to Gq/11 proteins, whilst M2 and M4 mAChRs predominantly couple to Gi/o proteins. Both agonists and antagonists of mAChRs are clinically approved drugs, including pilocarpine for the treatment of elevated intra-ocular pressure and glaucoma, and atropine for the treatment of bradycardia and poisoning by muscarinic age…

Dipole reorientation and local density of optical states influence the emission of light-emittingelectrochemical cells

2020

Herein, we analyze the temporal evolution of the electroluminescence of light-emitting electrochemicalcells (LECs), a thin-film light-emitting device, in order to maximize the luminous power radiated bythese devices. A careful analysis of the spectral and angular distribution of the emission of LECsfabricated under the same experimental conditions allows describing the dynamics of the spatial regionfrom which LECs emit,i.e.the generation zone, as bias is applied. This effect is mediated by dipolereorientation within such an emissive region and its optical environment, since its spatial drift yields adifferent interplay between the intrinsic emission of the emitters and the local density of …

Back EMF Sensorless-Control Algorithm for High-Dynamic Performance PMSM

2010

In this paper, a low-time-consuming and low-cost sensorless-control algorithm for high-dynamic performance permanent-magnet synchronous motors, both surface and internal permanent-magnet mounted for position and speed estimation, is introduced, discussed, and experimentally validated. This control algorithm is based on the estimation of rotor speed and angular position starting from the back electromotive force space-vector determination without voltage sensors by using the reference voltages given by the current controllers instead of the actual ones. This choice obviously introduces some errors that must be vanished by means of a compensating function. The novelties of the proposed estima…

Portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome as onset of polycythemia vera

2013

Budd-Chiari syndrome may be defined as a heterogeneous group of vascular disorders characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous return to the level of hepatic venules, supra-hepatic veins, inferior vena cava or right atrium. The main cause of this syndrome is represented by myeloproliferative diseases and, in particular, by polycythemia vera. The latter may cause multiple splanchnic thrombosis, including portal vein thrombosis, particularly important for its clinical outcomes (ascites, collateral vessels genesis, etc.). We report 2 cases of a Budd-Chiari syndrome induced by polycythemia vera characterized by an abnormal clinical onset, both as regards subjects’ age (29 and 39 years old, r…

The conservation of the environment in Ecuador's constitution

2017

The 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution is often presented as building on the local traditions of indigenous peoples in order to propose a non-anthropocentric approach to the conservation of the environment, based on the concept of buen vivir. After providing a short introduction on anthropocentric and non-anthropo-centric approaches to the environment, with attention to indigenous worldviews, this article attempts to: analyse the concept of buen vivir, appearing to have unclear boundaries; understand whether or not it is a concept derived from indigenous worldviews; and explore the innovative non-anthropocentric feature of the recognition of rights to the environment. Finally, the article uses th…

Asynchronous Runtime Verification of Business Processes: Proof of Concept

2020

Innate Effector-Memory T-Cell Activation Regulates Post-Thrombotic Vein Wall Inflammation and Thrombus Resolution

2016

Rationale: Immune cells play an important role during the generation and resolution of thrombosis. T cells are powerful regulators of immune and nonimmune cell function, however, their role in sterile inflammation in venous thrombosis has not been systematically examined. Objective: This study investigated the recruitment, activation, and inflammatory activity of T cells in deep vein thrombosis and its consequences for venous thrombus resolution. Methods and Results: CD4 + and CD8 + T cells infiltrate the thrombus and vein wall rapidly on deep vein thrombosis induction and remain in the tissue throughout the thrombus resolution. In the vein wall, recruited T cells largely consist of effect…

Low zone tolerance induced by systemic application of allergens inhibits TC1-mediated skin inflammation

2005

Background The induction of tolerance may be a promising target of strategies aimed at preventing harmful allergic diseases. Low zone tolerance (LZT), induced by epicutaneous application of low doses of contact allergens, inhibits the development of T C 1-mediated contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Objective We evaluated the effect of systemic (oral, intravenous) administration of low amounts of haptens on specific immune reactions and tolerance induction. Methods By using the mouse model of LZT, we analyzed immune reactions in vivo (skin inflammation) and T-cell responses in vitro after oral, intravenous, or epicutaneous application of low amounts of the contact allergen 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlo…

Mage-3 and influenza-matrix peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells are inducible in terminal stage HLA-A2.1+ melanoma patients by mature monocyte-derived…

2000

Abstract Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination, albeit still in an early stage, is a promising strategy to induce immunity to cancer. We explored whether DC can expand Ag-specific CD8+ T cells even in far-advanced stage IV melanoma patients. We found that three to five biweekly vaccinations of mature, monocyte-derived DC (three vaccinations of 6 × 106 s.c. followed by two i.v. ones of 6 and 12 × 106, respectively) pulsed with Mage-3A2.1 tumor and influenza matrix A2.1-positive control peptides as well as the recall Ag tetanus toxoid (in three of eight patients) generated in all eight patients Ag-specific effector CD8+ T cells that were detectable in blood directly ex vivo. This is the first time …

Impaired immune response to Candida albicans in aged mice

2006

The prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections has increased dramatically among the aged population in recent years. This work investigated the effect of ageing on murine defences against Candida albicans. Aged C57BL/6 mice that were experimentally infected intravenously had a significantly impaired survival and a higher tissue fungal burden compared with young mice. In vitro production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by macrophages from aged mice in response to yeast cells and hyphae of C. albicans was significantly lower than production by macrophages from young mice. In vitro production of cytokines, such as TNF-α and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), by antigen-stimulated splenocytes from …