Search results for "Ntic"
showing 10 items of 6004 documents
Examining task-dependencies of different attentional processes as reflected in the P3a and reorienting negativity components of the human event-relat…
2005
Abstract Unexpected changes in task-irrelevant auditory stimuli are capable to distract processing of task-relevant visual information. This effect is accompanied by the elicitation of event-related potential (ERP) components associated with attentional orientation, i.e. P3a and reorienting negativity (RON). In the present study we varied the demands of a visual task in order to test whether the RON component – as an index of attentional reorientation after distraction – is confined to a semantic task requiring working memory. In two ERP experiments we applied an auditory-visual distraction paradigm in which subjects were instructed to discriminate visual stimuli preceded by a task-irreleva…
Exploring the relationship between semantics and space
2009
The asymmetric distribution of human spatial attention has been repeatedly documented in both patients and healthy controls. Biases in the distribution of attention and/or in the mental representation of space may also affect some aspects of language processing. We investigated whether biases in attention and/or mental representation of space affect semantic representations. In particular, we investigated whether semantic judgments could be modulated by the location in space where the semantic information was presented and the role of the left and right parietal cortices in this task. Healthy subjects were presented with three pictures arranged horizontally (one middle and two outer picture…
Marginal bone loss around implants placed in maxillary native bone or grafted sinuses: a retrospective cohort study
2013
Objectives To assess differences in marginal bone loss around implants placed in maxillary pristine bone and implants placed following maxillary sinus augmentation over a period of 3 years after functional loading. Material and methods Two cohorts of subjects (Group 1: Subjects who received sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement; Group 2: Subjects who underwent conventional implant placement in posterior maxillary pristine bone) were included in this retrospective study. Radiographic marginal bone loss was measured around one implant per patient on digitized panoramic radiographs that were obtained at the time of prosthesis delivery (baseline) and 12, 24, and 36 months later…
Muscle loading and activation of the shoulder joint during humeral external rotation by pulley and variable resistance.
2010
The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the loading of glenohumeral joint muscles between a cable pulley machine (CP) and variable resistance machine (VR) during axial humeral external rotation.Eleven healthy male subjects took part in the study. Intramuscular electromyography from five muscles of the shoulder (medial deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and upper part of the trapezius), torque and power output was measured at different rotation angles and with different loads (10%, 50% and 100% of 1RM). Also the compressive and shear force in the glenohumeral joint was analyzed at the horizontal level at angles of rotation. External rotation was performed with a self-selected …
The Effects of an Essential Oil and an Amine Fluoride/Stannous Fluoride Mouthrinse on Supragingival Plaque Regrowth
2008
Background: The side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) have stimulated the search for alternative antiplaque agents such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) and essential oils (EO). The aim of the study was to investigate the plaqueinhibiting effects of two commercially available mouthrinses containing ASF and EO, respectively. Methods: The study was an observer-masked, randomized, 5 · 5 Latin square cross-over design, balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 volunteers in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. A 0.12% CHX rinse and a saline solution served as positive and negative controls, respectively. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, …
Smile esthetics from odontology students' perspectives
2013
ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the perception of smile esthetics and its alterations in dental degree students; to determine whether there are differences in that perception among students in different study years on those courses and between genders; and to determine if the circumstance of having received prior orthodontic treatment could influence that perception. Material and Methods: Students (n = 192) in different study years of the dental degree course at the University of Valencia, Spain, analyzed two photographs of a patient in which, by means of computer software, midline diastema, upper and lower midlines, crown length of the maxillary right central incisor, occlusal cant, and “g…
The effects of length and transposed-letter similarity in lexical decision: evidence with beginning, intermediate, and adult readers.
2007
Do length and transposed-letter effects reflect developmental changes on reading acquisition in a transparent orthography? Can computational models of visual word recognition accommodate these changes? To answer these questions, we carried out a masked priming lexical decision experiment with Spanish beginning, intermediate, and adult readers (N=36, 44, and 39; average age: 7, 11, and 22 years, respectively). Target words were either short or long (6.5 vs. 8.5 letters), and transposed-letter primes were formed by the transposition of two letters (e.g. aminal-ANIMAL) or by the substitution of two letters (orthographic control: arisal-ANIMAL). Children showed a robust length effect (i.e. long…
Prismatic Adaptation Modulates Oscillatory EEG Correlates of Motor Preparation but Not Visual Attention in Healthy Participants.
2017
Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptat…
Picture naming yields highly consistent cortical activation patterns: Test–retest reliability of magnetoencephalography recordings
2020
Reliable paradigms and imaging measures of individual-level brain activity are paramount when reaching from group-level research studies to clinical assessment of individual patients. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides a direct, non-invasive measure of cortical processing with high spatiotemporal accuracy, and is thus well suited for assessment of functional brain damage in patients with language difficulties. This MEG study aimed to identify, in a delayed picture naming paradigm, source-localized evoked activity and modulations of cortical oscillations that show high test–retest reliability across measurement days in healthy individuals, demonstrating their applicability in clinical set…
Intellectual functioning and memory deficits in schizophrenia
2007
Background: There is converging evidence about the existence of different subgroups of patients with schizophrenia in relation to intellectual ability (intelligence quotient [IQ]). Studying cognitive deficits in such patients in relation to IQ, and more specifically to memory, could help determine the patterns of preserved and impaired functioning in cognitive abilities in association with patterns of preserved and compromised intellect. This information could serve to delimit the possibilities of treatment and rehabilitation in those patients. Methods: A total of 44 patients with schizophrenia completed a cognitive battery that included executive functioning, attention, speed of informatio…