Search results for "Number"

showing 10 items of 3939 documents

Law of the Iterated Logarithm

2020

For sums of independent random variables we already know two limit theorems: the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The law of large numbers describes for large \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) the typical behavior, or average value behavior, of sums of n random variables. On the other hand, the central limit theorem quantifies the typical fluctuations about this average value.

Discrete mathematicsIterated logarithmNatural logarithm of 2LogarithmLaw of large numbersLaw of the iterated logarithmLimit (mathematics)Random variableMathematicsCentral limit theorem
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PI-algebras with slow codimension growth

2005

Let $c_n(A),\ n=1,2,\ldots,$ be the sequence of codimensions of an algebra $A$ over a field $F$ of characteristic zero. We classify the algebras $A$ (up to PI-equivalence) in case this sequence is bounded by a linear function. We also show that this property is closely related to the following: if $l_n(A), \ n=1,2,\ldots, $ denotes the sequence of colengths of $A$, counting the number of $S_n$-irreducibles appearing in the $n$-th cocharacter of $A$, then $\lim_{n\to \infty} l_n(A)$ exists and is bounded by $2$.

Discrete mathematicsLinear function (calculus)SequenceAlgebra and Number Theorypolynomial identity T-ideal codimensionsZero (complex analysis)Field (mathematics)CodimensionPolynomial identityT-idealCodimensionsCombinatoricsSettore MAT/02 - AlgebraBounded functionPiAlgebra over a fieldMathematicsJournal of Algebra
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Extremal problems of approximation theory in fuzzy context

1999

Abstract The problem of approximation of a fuzzy subset of a normed space is considered. We study the error of approximation, which in this case is characterized by an L -fuzzy number. In order to do this we define the supremum of an L -fuzzy set of real numbers as well as the supremum and the infimum of a crisp set of L -fuzzy numbers. The introduced concepts allow us to investigate the best approximation and the optimal linear approximation. In particular, we consider approximation of a fuzzy subset in the space L p m of differentiable functions in the L q -metric. We prove the fuzzy counterparts of duality theorems, which in crisp case allows effectively to solve extremal problems of the…

Discrete mathematicsLogicFuzzy setMathematical analysisApproximation algorithmEssential supremum and essential infimumFuzzy logicInfimum and supremumComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITIONArtificial IntelligenceApproximation errorFuzzy numberLinear approximationMathematicsFuzzy Sets and Systems
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Milnor Number Equals Tjurina Number for Functions on Space Curves

2001

The equality of the Milnor number and Tjurina number for functions on space curve singularities, as conjectured recently by V. Goryunov, is proved. As a consequence, the discriminant in such a situation is a free divisor.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::Algebraic GeometryDiscriminantGeneral MathematicsGravitational singularityDivisor (algebraic geometry)QASpace (mathematics)MathematicsMilnor numberJournal of the London Mathematical Society
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The Phagocyte Lattice of Dyck Words

2006

We introduce a new lattice structure on Dyck words. We exhibit efficient algorithms to compute meets and joins of Dyck words.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::CombinatoricsAlgebra and Number TheoryNoncrossing partitionEfficient algorithm010102 general mathematicsJoinsComputer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing)0102 computer and information sciences01 natural sciences[MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]CombinatoricsComputational Theory and Mathematics010201 computation theory & mathematicsLattice (order)[MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]Geometry and Topology0101 mathematicsComputer Science::Formal Languages and Automata TheoryComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMathematics
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Matchings in three Catalan lattices

2003

In this note we consider a series of lattices that are enumerated by the well-known Catalan numbers. For each of these lattices, we exhibit a matching in a constructive way.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::CombinatoricsBinary treeHigh Energy Physics::LatticeApplied Mathematics010102 general mathematics0102 computer and information sciences16. Peace & justice01 natural sciencesConstructivelanguage.human_languageComputer Science ApplicationsCatalan numberCombinatoricsComputational Theory and Mathematics010201 computation theory & mathematicsLattice (order)[MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]languageCatalan0101 mathematicsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMathematics
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Equivalence classes of permutations modulo descents and left-to-right maxima

2014

Abstract In a recent paper [2], the authors provide enumerating results for equivalence classes of permutations modulo excedances. In this paper we investigate two other equivalence relations based on descents and left-to-right maxima. Enumerating results are presented for permutations, involutions, derangements, cycles and permutations avoiding one pattern of length three.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::CombinatoricsModulo[ MATH.MATH-CO ] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO][MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]CombinatoricsCatalan numberPermutationMotzkin numberComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION[MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO]MaximaEquivalence classComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSDescent (mathematics)Bell numberMathematicsMathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
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A unified Pietsch domination theorem

2008

In this paper we prove an abstract version of Pietsch's domination theorem which unify a number of known Pietsch-type domination theorems for classes of mappings that generalize the ideal of absolutely p-summing linear operators. A final result shows that Pietsch-type dominations are totally free from algebraic conditions, such as linearity, multilinearity, etc.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::Functional AnalysisDomination analysisApplied MathematicsLinear operatorsBanach spacePietsch domination theoremFunctional Analysis (math.FA)Linear mapMathematics - Functional AnalysisBanach spacesFOS: MathematicsIdeal (order theory)Algebraic numberAbsolutely summing mappingsAnalysisMathematicsJournal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
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On the structure of the ultradistributions of Beurling type

2008

Let O be a nonempty open set of the k-dimensional euclidean space Rk. In this paper, we give a structure theorem on the ultradistributions of Beurling type in O. Also, other structure results on certain ultradistributions are obtained, in terms of complex Borel measures in O.

Discrete mathematicsMathematics::Functional AnalysisPure mathematicsAlgebra and Number TheoryEuclidean spaceRiesz–Markov–Kakutani representation theoremApplied MathematicsOpen setStructure (category theory)Banach spaceType (model theory)Computational MathematicsLocally convex topological vector spaceGeometry and TopologyAnalysisStructured program theoremMathematicsRevista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matematicas
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P-matrix completions under weak symmetry assumptions

2000

An n-by-n matrix is called a Π-matrix if it is one of (weakly) sign-symmetric, positive, nonnegative P-matrix, (weakly) sign-symmetric, positive, nonnegative P0,1-matrix, or Fischer, or Koteljanskii matrix. In this paper, we are interested in Π-matrix completion problems, that is, when a partial Π-matrix has a Π-matrix completion. Here, we prove that a combinatorially symmetric partial positive P-matrix has a positive P-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is an n-cycle. In general, a combinatorially symmetric partial Π-matrix has a Π-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is a 1-chordal graph. This condition is also necessary for (weakly) sign-symmetric …

Discrete mathematicsMatrix completionNumerical AnalysisAlgebra and Number TheorySymmetric graphCombinatorial symmetry010102 general mathematicsComparability graphIncidence matrix010103 numerical & computational mathematics01 natural sciencesGraphCombinatoricsVertex-transitive graphP-matrixGraph powerDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsRegular graphAdjacency matrixGeometry and Topology0101 mathematicsComplement graphMathematicsLinear Algebra and its Applications
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