Search results for "Numeral system"

Vapor–liquid equilibria in the ternary system dipropyl ether+1-propanol+1-pentanol and the binary systems dipropyl ether+1-pentanol, 1-propanol+1-pen…

2006

Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa have been determined for the ternary system dipropyl ether (DPE) + 1-propanol (PA) + 1-pentanol and two constituent binary systems: DPE + 1-pentanol and PA + 1-pentanol. The DPE + 1-pentanol system shows positive deviations from ideal behaviour and PA + 1-pentanol system exhibits no deviation from ideal behaviour. The activity coefficients and the boiling points were correlated with their compositions by the Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wisniak–Tamir equations. It is shown that the models allow a very good prediction of the phase equilibria of the ternary system using the pertinent parameters of the binary systems. 1-Pentanol…

Phase equilibria in the systems 3-methylpentane + methylcyclohexane, diisopropyl ether + methylcyclohexane and 3-methylpentane + diisopropyl ether + …

2002

Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) at 101.3 kPa has been determined for the ternary system 3-methylpentane+diisopropyl ether (DIPE)+methylcyclohexane and the binary subsystems 3-methylpentane+methylcyclohexane and DIPE+methylcyclohexane in the temperature range from 336 to 374 K. According to the experimental results, the systems exhibit slight positive deviation from ideal behavior and no azeotrope is present. The VLE data have been correlated with the composition using the Wilson, UNIQUAC and NRTL relations. These models allow good prediction of the VLE properties of the ternary system from those of the pertinent binary subsystems.

Vapor–liquid equilibria in the ternary system isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate+butyl propionate and the binary systems isobutyl alcohol+butyl propio…

2005

Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa have been determined for the ternary system isobutyl alcohol (IBA) + isobutyl acetate (IBAc) + butyl propionate (BUP) and two constituent binary systems: IBA + BUP and IBAc + BUP. The IBA + BUP system show lightly positive deviation from Raoult's law and IBAc + BUP system exhibits no deviation from ideal behaviour. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition by the Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC models. The ternary system is very well predicted from binary interaction parameters. BUP eliminates the IBA–IBAc binary azeotrope. The change of phase equilibria behaviour is significant therefore this s…

Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Dipropyl Ether, 1-Propyl Alcohol, and Butyl Propionate

2006

Consistent vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa have been determined for the ternary system dipropyl ether + 1-propyl alcohol + butyl propionate and two constituent binary systems:  dipropyl ether + butyl propionate and 1-propyl alcohol + butyl propionate. The dipropyl ether + butyl propionate system exhibits ideal behavior, and the 1-propyl alcohol + butyl propionate system shows positive deviations from Raoult's law. No additional azeotropes are present. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition by the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models. The ternary system is well-predicted from binary interaction parameters. Butyl propionate breaks the dipr…

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamide as a Very Efficient Entrainer for the Extractive Distillation of the Acetone + Methanol System

2012

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) for the ternary system acetone + methanol +1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) as well as the two solvent + IL binary systems have been obtained at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of [emim][DCA] to the solvent mixture produced a salting-out effect greater than that produced by other ionic liquids, showing that this ionic liquid is, until now, the best IL tested as an entrainer for the extractive distillation of the acetone + methanol mixtures, causing the azeotrope to disappear for an ionic liquid mole fraction as low as 0.031, at 100 kPa. This behavior can be explained on the basis of the influence of the IL concent…

Phase Equilibria Involved in Extractive Distillation of Dipropyl Ether + 1-Propyl Alcohol Using N,N-Dimethylformamide as Entrainer

2007

Consistent vapor−liquid equilibrium data for the binary and ternary systems dipropyl ether (1) + 1-propyl alcohol (2) + N,N-dimethylformamide (3) are reported at 101.3 kPa. The results indicate that dipropyl ether (1) + N,N-dimethylformamide (3) system exhibits a positive deviation from ideal behavior and that 1-propyl alcohol (2) + N,N-dimethylformamide (3) system deviates negatively from ideality. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated by the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models. It is shown that these models allow a very good prediction of the phase equilibrium of the ternary system using the pertinent parameters of the binary systems. In addition, the Wisniak−Tamir relat…

Unconscious processing of Arabic numerals in unilateral neglect

2005

This study explores the processing of Arabic numerals in three patients with dense left unilateral neglect. Three tasks have been used: a test of visual awareness (is the stimulus on the left, on the right or on both sides?), a number comparison task (is the number larger or smaller than 5?), a number parity judgment task (is the number odd or even?). The test of visual awareness indicated that all three patients were completely unaware of the stimuli presented in the left hemifield. Despite this, the number comparison and number parity judgment tasks clearly indicated that Arabic numerals were unconsciously processed at semantic level (i.e. quantity). These results show that patients with …

Thermodynamic properties of alcohols in a micellar phase. Binding constants and partial molar volumes of pentanol in sodium dodecylsulfate micelles a…

1984

Densities of the ternary system water-sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDS)-pentanol and of the binary systems butanol-octane and pentanol-octane were measured at 15, 25, and 35 °C. The apparent molar volume of pentanol in the ternary system was analyzed using a mass-action model for the alcohol distribution in micellar solutions. The partial molar volume of alcohol bound to the micelles and the ratio between the binding constant and the aggregation number of the surfactant are calculated. The partial molar volume binding constant, is discussed in terms of solubilization sites of the alcohol in the micelles whereas the binding constant is compared with that derived from the Nernstian partition const…

1988

Deviations in the determination of the unperturbed dimensions of polymers arising in ternary polymer systems (solvent (1)/solvent (2)/polymer) can be explained by the inaccurate use of an interaction parameter independent of polymer molecular weight. On this basis, a new formalism for the calculation of the second virial coefficient from intrinsic viscosity is proposed. This formalism was tested (and compared with well established formalisms) for all ternary polymer systems with simultaneous intrinsic viscosity and second virial coefficient data in the literature.

Protein aggregation induced by phase separation in a pea proteins–sodium alginate–water ternary system

2012

Abstract The physicochemical properties of a native, globular plant protein–linear anionic polysaccharide aqueous system at 20 °C were investigated in conditions where biopolymers carry a net negative charge (pH 7.2, 0.1 M NaCl). The pea proteins–sodium alginate mixtures showed a phase separation mainly by thermodynamic incompatibility, characterized at both the macroscopic and microscopic scale. Phase diagram was established and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) provided accurate data on the microstructure morphology of the system, regarding its phase behavior. In admixture, sodium alginate induced a protein aggregation, certainly by a local depletion of the polysaccharide. Protein…