Search results for "Numeral system"
showing 10 items of 124 documents
Interpolymer complex between hydroxypropyl cellulose and maleic acid-styrene copolymer: phase behavior of semi-dilute solutions.
2005
Summary: The phase behavior of a water/hydroxypropyl cellulose/maleic acid–styrene copolymer (H2O/HPC/MAc-S) system was investigated in the semi-dilute range by turbidimetry, rheology, and optical microscopy. The two polymers under investigation form interpolymer complexes via hydrogen bonding. In the case of a total polymer concentration of cpol = 5 mg · mL−1 a second phase segregates upon heating the homogeneous ternary system. By applying a constant shear rate ( = 50 s−1) the phase separation temperature of the system is 10–15 °C lower than for an unsheared one. For cpol = 10 mg · mL−1 phase separation has already occurred at room temperature when the two binary polymer solutions are mix…
Stable two -dimensional spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses
2007
In this Communication, a stable self-confined propagation with ps near-infrared (NIR) pulses and over several Rayleigh lengths is demonstrated for the first time . Multiphoton absorption is shown to saturate the self-focusing response in a novel glass of the ternary system Nb2O5-O2-PbO (NPG) exhibiting a high refractive index (2-2.1) in the NIR and an energy gap of 3.52 eV. NPG belongs to the family of heavy metal oxides, widely studied for its fast and high nonlinearity in the infrared.
High-efficiency fullerene free ternary organic solar cells based with two small molecules as donor
2021
Abstract Herein, we have designed a ternary system comprising of two small molecules (B2 and B3), as donor and a narrow bandgap non-fullerene small molecule acceptor Y6. The chemical structures of B2 and B3 are close to each other but their absorption spectra are complementary with different energy levels. Using these small-molecules, a ternary organic solar cell was fabricated. The presence of B2 in the B3:Y6 blend increases the photon harvesting as well as also forms cascade energy level arrangement which benefits assisting the balancing between the dissociation of excitons into free charge carriers and their subsequent charge transfer between the two donors (B2 and B3) and the acceptor (…
Miscibility of Blends of Biodegradable Polymers and Copolymers with Different Plasticizers
2008
Miscibility between components of different plasticizer(A)/solvent(B)/biodegradable polymer(C) ternary systems with H-bonding has been compared. Systems were formed by two H-donor phenolic plasticizers, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4:4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BPF); an H-acceptor solvent, epichlorohydrin (ECH); and H-acceptor poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) or poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] (PHBHV) copolymers. Blend miscibility is the result of the balance of three competitive H-bondings: plasticizer self-association (AA), plasticizer-solvent (AB) and plasticizer-polymer (AC) interassociations. The strength and extent of such specific interactions have been experimentally monito…
Abnormal pressure dependence of the phase boundaries in TL/PEO/P(EO-b-DMS) ternary mixtures
2003
The cloud-point temperatures (T-cl's) of both binary poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-poly(ethylene oxide-b-dimethylsiloxane) [P(EO-b-DMS)] and ternary[toluene/PEO/P(EO-b-DMS)] systems were determined by light scattering measurements at atmospheric pressure. The phase separation behavior upon cooling in the ternary system has been investigated at atmospheric pressure and under high pressure and compared to the phase behavior in the binary system. The phase transition temperatures have been obtained for all of the samples. As a result, the pressure induces compatibility in the binary mixtures, but for the ternary system, pressure not only can induce mixing but also can induce phase separation.
Preparation of Poly(l-lactic acid) Scaffolds by Thermally Induced Phase Separation: Role of Thermal History
2018
Abstract Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffolds for tissue engineering were prepared via thermally induced phase separation of a ternary system PLLA/dioxane/tetrahydrofurane. An extension to solution of a previously developed method for solidification from the melt was adopted, the technique being based on a Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) approach, consisting in recording the thermal history of rapidly cooled samples and analysing the resulting morphology. Different foams were produced by changing the thermal history, the dioxane to THF ratio (50/50, 70/30, 90/10 v/v) and the polymer concentration (2, 2.5, 4 ° wt) in the starting ternary solution. Pore size, porosity, melting and crys…
Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for binary and ternary systems composed of water, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol at 100 kPa
1996
Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria data were obtained for the 2-propanol + 1-propanol binary system and the water + 1-propanol + 2-propanol ternary system at 100 kPa. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness−Byer−Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott−Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system is well represented by assuming ideal behavior. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this and our previous work are used to predict the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ternary system using the UNIQUAC, NRTL, and Wilson models. The ternary system is well predicted from binary data.
Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary System 3-Methylpentane + Ethanol and for the Ternary System 2-Methyl-2-propanol + Ethanol + 3-Methylp…
2000
Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria data were measured for the 3-methylpentane + ethanol binary system and 2-methyl-2-propanol + ethanol + 3-methylpentane ternary system at 101.3 kPa in a temperature range from 329 to 356 K. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness-Byer-Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott-Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system shows a minimum boiling azeotrope that boils at 327.9 K and contains 71.4 mol % 3-methylpentane. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this work and literature data are used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system using the UNIQUAC, NRTL, a…
Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary System 3-Methylpentane + 2-Methyl-2-propanol and for the Ternary System Methyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ethe…
1999
Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria data were obtained for the 3-methylpentane + 2-methyl-2-propanol binary system and methyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether + 3-methylpentane + 2-methyl-2-propanol ternary system at 101.3 kPa in a temperature range from 329 to 356 K. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness−Byer−Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott−Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system shows a minimum boiling azeotrope that boils at 333.4 K and contains 82.6 mol % of 3-methylpentane. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this work and literature data are used to predict the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ter…
Effect of the phase behaviour of the solvent–antisolvent systems on the gas–antisolvent-crystallisation of paracetamol
2005
Abstract The influence of the phase behaviour of the solvent–antisolvent system on the process conditions for the gas–antisolvent process is investigated. The two fluids are modelled by the Peng–Robinson equation of state while the dissolved solid is described by a Clapeyron-type approach. Based on the correlation of the ternary system, a liquid–liquid immiscibility region has been found which hinders the proper crystallisation of the solute. A thorough investigation of the binary solvent–antisolvent system by the global phase diagram methods yields a criterion for the proper choice of the solvent. The crucial property turns out to be the distance of the solvent–antisolvent system from the …