Search results for "Nutrient"
showing 10 items of 668 documents
La nutrición en el periodo preconcepcional y los resultados del embarazo: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención del Dietista-Nutricionis…
2016
El estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo se constata en los últimos años como uno de los factores ambientales más influyentes en el desarrollo fetal. Este estudio se centra en las primeras fases del proceso de gestación o periodo periconcepcional: preconcepción, concepción, implantación, placentación y embriogénesis; puesto que representan un paso crítico en los resultados del embarazo. Tras una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de 66 investigaciones publicadas entre los años 1990 y 2015, fueron el zinc, el hierro, el yodo, los ácidos grasos omega-3, el ácido fólico y otras vitaminas del grupo B, los minerales y micronutrientes para los que se han encontrado mayor evide…
ENTERAL NUTRITION SUPPORT TO TREAT MALNUTRITION IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
2015
Malnutrition is a common consequence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diet has an important role in the management of IBD, as it prevents and corrects malnutrition. It is well known that diet may be implicated in the aethiology of IBD and that it plays a central role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disease. Often oral nutrition alone is not sufficient in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disease. Often oral nutrition alone is not sufficient in the management of IBD patients, especially in children or elederly, and must be combined with oral supplementation or replaced with tube enteral nutrition. In this review, we describe several different approaches to enteral …
Magnesium and hypertension in old age
2021
Hypertension is a complex condition in which various actors and mechanisms combine, resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications that today represent the most frequent causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and health expenses worldwide. In the last decades, there has been an exceptional amount of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies confirming a close relationship between magnesium deficit and high blood pressure. Multiple mechanisms may help to explain the bulk of evidence supporting a protective effect of magnesium against hypertension and its complications. Hypertension increases sharply with advancing age, hence older persons are those most affected…
Chemosensory signalling pathways involved in sensing of amino acids by the ghrelin cell
2015
AbstractTaste receptors on enteroendocrine cells sense nutrients and transmit signals that control gut hormone release. This study aimed to investigate the amino acid (AA) sensing mechanisms of the ghrelin cell in a gastric ghrelinoma cell line, tissue segments and mice. Peptone and specific classes of amino acids stimulate ghrelin secretion in the ghrelinoma cell line. Sensing of L-Phe occurs via the CaSR, monosodium glutamate via the TAS1R1-TAS1R3 while L-Ala and peptone act via 2 different amino acid taste receptors: CaSR & TAS1R1-TAS1R3 and CaSR & GPRC6A, respectively. The stimulatory effect of peptone on ghrelin release was mimicked ex vivo in gastric but not in jejunal tissue …
Nutrition in Pediatric Kidney Disease
2018
AbstractNutrition has a major impact on the health of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Special diets and additional replacement therapies may be chosen according to the specific renal disease. Persistent low-grade inflammation, which contributes to CKD-associated cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, protein-energy wasting, oxidative stress, acidosis, chronic and recurrent infections, and altered metabolism of adipose tissue may result from dietary deficits and are important targets for nutritive intervention. Therefore, many guidelines have been developed regarding nutrient intake adequation to assist pediatricians treating these children. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has multifa…
What Is the Role of Dietary Inflammation in Severe Mental Illness? A Review of Observational and Experimental Findings
2019
Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, are associated with increased inflammation. Given diet's role in modulating inflammatory processes, excessive calorie-dense, nutrient-deficient processed food intake may contribute toward the heightened inflammation observed in SMI. This review assesses the evidence from observational and experimental studies to investigate how diet may affect physical and mental health outcomes in SMI through inflammation-related pathways. Cross-sectional studies indicate that individuals with SMI, particularly schizophrenia, consume more pro-inflammatory foods and fewer anti-inflammatory nutrients than…
Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in a Mediterranean area
2013
Background: Studies exploring the role of diet during pregnancy are still scarce, in part due to the complexity of measuring diet and to the lack of valid instruments. The aim of this study was to examine the reproducibility and validity (against biochemical biomarkers) of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in pregnant women. Methods: Participants were 740 pregnant women from a population-based birth cohort study in Valencia (INMA Study). We compared nutrient and food intakes from FFQs estimated for two periods of pregnancy (reproducibility), and compared energy-adjusted intake of several carotenoids, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C and a-tocopherol of the FFQ in the firs…
Ecophysiological and molecular processes involved in water stress memory in pea: from gene expression regulation to plant hydromineral nutrition
2022
Climate change induces increasingly frequent periods of water deficits during the crop cycle. These periods of water stress negatively impact the plant, notably by limiting the availability of resources (water, mineral elements) and by limiting carbon fixation by the plant. In this context, several studies highlighted the beneficial effect of “priming” of a first stress on the response to a second stress by the induction of a transcriptional memory. This memory depends on epigenetic modifications implemented during the first stress. These modifications can regulate the expression of genes known as “memory genes” which have been characterized in the aerial parts of Arabidospsis and maize. Ho…
Récepteur du goût sucré et diabète
2017
Récepteur du goût sucré et diabète. 6. journée de l'innovation en diabétologie
Sediment quality of the ecoregion Engure, Gulf of Riga, assessed by using ecotoxicity tests and biomarker responses
2014
Pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt Engures ekoreģiona (Rīgas līča rietumu piekrastes) sedimentu kvalitāti, izmantojot sedimentu ekotoksicitātes testus. Lai noteiktu bioloģiskās atbildes reakcijas uz dažāda veida stresoriem, kā testorganismi pielietotas sānpeldes Monoporeia affinis and Pontogammarus robustoides, un izvēlēti biomarķieri (AChE, GST, GR, CAT, MT), kas noteikti gliemenēs Macoma balthica. Engures ekoreģionu varētu uzskatīt par nepiesārņotu rajonu, jo tā sedimentus raksturo salīdzinoši zemas smago metālu koncentrācijas. Engures ekoreģiona sedimentu ekotoksicitātes testu rezultāti neuzrādīja statistiski būtisku (>20% mirstība) toksisko efektu. Testorganismu izdzīvotība bija robežās no 8…