Search results for "Nutrition"
showing 10 items of 6788 documents
Disentangling the effect of host genetics and gut microbiota on resistance to an intestinal parasite
2019
11 pages; International audience; Resistance to infection is a multifactorial trait, and recent work has suggested that the gut microbiota can also contribute to resistance. Here, we performed a fecal microbiota transplant to disentangle the contribution of the gut microbiota and host genetics as drivers of resistance to the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. We transplanted the microbiota of a strain of mice (SJL), resistant to H. polygyrus, into a susceptible strain (CBA) and vice-versa. We predicted that if the microbiota shapes resistance to H. polygyrus, the FMT should reverse the pattern of resistance between the two host strains. The two host strains had different microbi…
The relative abundance of hemocyte types in a polyphagous moth larva depends on diet.
2016
7 pages; International audience; Hemocytes are crucial cells of the insect immune system because of their involvement in multiple immune responses including coagulation, phagocytosis and encapsulation. There are various types of hemocytes, each having a particular role in immunity, such that variation in their relative abundance affects the outcome of the immune response. This study aims to characterize these various types of hemocytes in larvae of the grapevine pest insect Eupoecilia ambiguella, and to assess variation in their concentration as a function of larval diet and immune challenge. Four types of hemocytes were found in the hemolymph of 5th instar larvae: granulocytes, oenocytoids…
APOBEC3-mediated restriction of RNA virus replication
2018
AbstractAPOBEC3 family members are cytidine deaminases with roles in intrinsic responses to infection by retroviruses and retrotransposons, and in the control of other DNA viruses, such as herpesviruses, parvoviruses and hepatitis B virus. Although effects of APOBEC3 members on viral DNA have been demonstrated, it is not known whether they edit RNA genomes through cytidine deamination. Here, we investigated APOBEC3-mediated restriction of Coronaviridae. In experiments in vitro, three human APOBEC3 proteins (A3C, A3F and A3H) inhibited HCoV-NL63 infection and limited production of progeny virus, but did not cause hypermutation of the coronaviral genome. APOBEC3-mediated restriction was parti…
Clinical and hormonal characteristics in heterozygote carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
2020
Abstract Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH) includes a group of genetic disorders due to a broad class of CYP21A2 variants identifying a disease-causing ‘C’ genotype. The heterozygous carriers of CYP21 mutations are at increased risk of developing clinically evident hyperandrogenism, even though clinical and laboratory characteristics are still underestimated. With the aim of obtaining a more accurate delineation of the phenotype of heterozygous carrier of CAH, we analyzed clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics in a cohort of Sicilian subjects. Fifty-seven females with biallelic and monoallelic CYP21A2 variants classifying NC-CAH (24) and heterozygous carrier…
Surface Micro Discharge–Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing of Common House Cricket Acheta domesticus Powder: Antimicrobial Potential and Lip…
2021
The growing world population and the need to reduce the environmental impact of food production drive the exploration of novel protein sources. Insects are being cultivated, harvested, and processed to be applied in animal and human nutrition. The inherent microbial contamination of insect matrices requires risk management and decontamination strategies. Thermal sterilization results in unfavorable cooking effects and oxidation of fatty acids. The present study demonstrates the risk management in Acheta domesticus (home cricket) powder with a low-energy (8.7–22.0 mW/cm2, 5 min) semi-direct surface micro discharge (SMD)–cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP). At a plasma power density lower…
Consumir la <em>obra de terra</em>. Los orígenes de la cerámica valenciana por el lado de la demanda (1283-1349)
2018
Los orígenes de las vajillas cerámicas valencianas, uno de los productos más codiciados de la Baja Edad Media, se han explicado tradicionalmente desde el punto de vista de la oferta. El interés por los aspectos tecnológicos y estilísticos —productivos— ha tendido a eclipsar las cuestiones que van más allá de los objetos, que afectan al punto de vista del consumidor: ¿hasta qué punto fue clave la demanda de obra de terra de la propia sociedad valenciana en el inicio de su producción? Este artículo valora esta cuestión a través de una muestra de 232 inventarios de bienes de entre 1283 y 1349, sobre los que se aplican los análisis cuantitativos propios de la historiografía del consumo. Se argu…
Effect of Food Thermal Processing on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota.
2018
Cooking modifies food composition due to chemical reactions. Additionally, food composition shapes the human gut microbiota. Thus, the objective of this research was to unravel the effect of different food cooking methods on the structure and functionality of the gut microbiota. Common culinary techniques were applied to five foods, which were submitted to in vitro digestion-fermentation. Furosine, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and furfural were used as Maillard reaction indicators to control the heat treatment. Short-chain fatty acids production was quantified as indicator of healthy metabolic output. Gut microbial community structure was analyzed through 16S rRNA. Both food composition and c…
Autophagy interferes with human cytomegalovirus genome replication, morphogenesis, and progeny release.
2020
Viral infections are often accompanied by the induction of autophagy as an intrinsic cellular defense mechanism. Herpesviruses have developed strategies to evade autophagic degradation and to manipulate autophagy of the host cells to their benefit. Here we addressed the role of macroautophagy/autophagy in human cytomegalovirus replication and for particle morphogenesis. We found that proteins of the autophagy machinery localize to cytoplasmic viral assembly compartments and enveloped virions in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 was also found to colocalize with HCMV capsids in the nucleus of infected cells. This finding indicates that the autophagy machinery int…
Dynamic regulatory interaction between cytomegalovirus major tegument protein pp65 and protein kinase pUL97 in intracellular compartments, dense bodi…
2017
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of considerable clinical importance. Understanding the processes that are important for viral replication is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies against HCMV infection. The HCMV-encoded protein kinase pUL97 is an important multifunctional regulator of viral replication. Several viral and cellular proteins are phosphorylated by pUL97. The phosphoprotein pp65 is one important substrate of pUL97. It is the most abundant tegument protein of HCMV virions, mediating the upload of other virion constituents and contributing to particle integrity. Further to that, it interferes with host innate immune defences, thereby enablin…
Multifaceted Health Benefits of Mangifera indica L. (Mango): The Inestimable Value of Orchards Recently Planted in Sicilian Rural Areas
2017
Historically, Mangifera indica L. cultivations have been widely planted in tropical areas of India, Africa, Asia, and Central America. However, at least 20 years ago its spreading allowed the development of some cultivars in Sicily, an island to the south of Italy, where the favourable subtropical climate and adapted soils represent the perfect field to create new sources of production for the Sicilian agricultural supply chain. Currently, cultivations of Kensington Pride, Keitt, Glenn, Maya, and Tommy Atkins varieties are active in Sicily and their products meet the requirements of local and European markets. Mango plants produce fleshy stone fruits rich in phytochemicals with an undispute…