Search results for "O2"

The effect of temperature on the biodegradation of different types of packaging materials under test conditions

2023

The development of civilization contributed to the exponential growth in the production of plastics. Policy of the, so-called, “European Green Deal” places particular emphasis on reducing the use of plastics through various mechanisms, including their reuse, recycling and, in particular, the development of new biodegradable and compostable plastics. In order to check if plastics are suitable for biodegradability and compostability they must undergo a series of tests in accordance with applicable standards. The biodegradation test procedures are very general and allow for the use of different temperatures of the biodegradation process in the test. The aim of the research was to evaluate the …

The Impact of the Spanish Foreign trade on its Real CO2 Emissions

2019

CO2 emissions are a global problem. This means that nothing or very little will change if only particular countries are involved. The aim of this paper is the attempt to show the real CO2 emissions of Spain as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in 2017. This study was conducted on the group of countries that are the major emitters of CO2 in the world including most of the EU members. Countries with negligible CO2 emissions were omitted. Actual CO2 emissions were obtained by applying the actual emission factor. This considers the transfer of CO2 in export products and services as well as those imported by particular countries. The r…

Characterization of structural, optical and electric properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering.

2007

International audience

Helium-carbon isotopic composition of thermal waters from Tunisia

2010

Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts for High Pressure CO2 Photoreduction

2022

In the current research, the productivity of CO2 photoreduction has been boosted by performing the reaction in an innovative photocatalytic reactor, which allows for operation up to 20 bar. A set of photocatalysts were used, including three types of pristine TiO2, i.e., one commercially prepared (Evonik P25), one home-prepared by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), and one obtained by the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (TiO2exCl), a bare thermo-exfoliated carbon nitride (C3N4-TE), and binary materials composed of TiO2 and C3N4-TE. The photoreduction was carried out in water at pH 14 and in the presence of Na2SO3 as a hole scavenger. Hydrogen and very small amounts of CO were detected in the head space of the…

Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Passive and Active Monitoring of Ozone for Forest Protection

2021

At forest sites, phytotoxic tropospheric ozone (O3) can be monitored with continuously operating, active monitors (AM) or passive, cumulative samplers (PM). For the first time, we present evidence that the sustainability of active monitoring is better than that of passive sensors, as the environmental, economic, and social costs are usually lower in the former than in the latter. By using data collected in the field, environmental, social, and economic costs were analyzed. The study considered monitoring sites at three distances from a control station in Italy (30, 400, and 750 km), two forest types (deciduous and Mediterranean evergreen), and three time windows (5, 10, and 20 years of moni…

Comparison of inter-trial recovery times for the determination of critical power and W' in cycling

2017

Critical Power (CP) and W’ are often determined using multi-day testing protocols. To investigate this cumbersome testing method, the purpose of this study was to compare the differences between the conventional use of a 24-h inter-trial recovery time with those of 3 h and 30 min for the determination of CP and W’. Methods: 9 moderately trained cyclists performed an incremental test to exhaustion to establish the power output associated with the maximum oxygen uptake (p V O2max), and 3 protocols requiring time-to-exhaustion trials at a constant work-rate performed at 80%, 100% and 105% of p VO2max. Design: Protocol A utilised 24-h inter-trial recovery (CP24/W’24), protocol B utilised 3-h in…

Ventilation Problems in Heritage Buildings

2007

The control of indoor conditions in heritage buildings, such as castles or museums, is of paramount importance for the proper preservation of the artworks kept in. As heritage buildings are often not equipped with HVAC systems, it is necessary to provide proper interventions and measures with the aim of monitoring and controlling indoor physical parameters. Moreover, another requirement should be achieved in such buildings, that is the maintenance of the safety conditions in presence of visiting people. This work reports the results of a survey carried on a hall of a historical palace, aimed to assess an useful correlation between CO2 concentration and occupancy levels.

Energia pulita dagli scarti della produzione vitivinicola

2009

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

2017

Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantif…