Search results for "OAI"

Poor nutritional quality of primary producers and zooplankton driven by eutrophication is mitigated at upper trophic levels

2022

Eutrophication and rising water temperature in freshwaters may increase the total production of a lake while simultaneously reducing the nutritional quality of food web components. We evaluated how cyanobacteria blooms, driven by agricultural eutrophication (in eutrophic Lake Köyliöjärvi) or global warming (in mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi), influence the biomass and structure of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish communities. In terms of the nutritional value of food web components, we evaluated changes in the ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of phytoplankton and consumers at different trophic levels. Meanwhile, the lakes did not differ in their biomasses of phytoplankton, zoo…

Investigating elementary school students’ text-based argumentation with multiple online information resources

2020

In this study, we explored how elementary school students used multiple information resources in responding to a text-based argumentation task asking them to research a set of online texts in order to state and justify their stance on a controversial health-related issue. Results showed that most students took a stance that was consistent with the majority of the information resources that they read, that they mainly drew on more reliable resources in their written task products, and that they justified their stance by providing one or more supporting reasons. Students relied much more on copying and paraphrasing content from the online resources than on integrating information within and a…

Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated with Energy Availability and Carbohydrate Intake in Young Female Cross-Country Skiers

2021

The aim of this study was to provide information on energy availability (EA), macronutrient intake, nutritional periodization practices, and nutrition knowledge in young female cross-country skiers. A total of 19 skiers filled in weighted food and training logs before and during a training camp. Nutrition knowledge was assessed via a validated questionnaire. EA was optimal in 11% of athletes at home (mean 33.7 ± 9.6 kcal·kgFFM−1·d−1) and in 42% at camp (mean 40.3 ± 17.3 kcal·kgFFM−1·d−1). Most athletes (74%) failed to meet recommendations for carbohydrate intake at home (mean 5.0 ± 1.2 g·kg−1·d−1) and 63% failed to do so at camp (mean 7.1 ± 1.6 g·kg−1·d−1). The lower threshold of the pre-ex…

Fuel for commercial politics: the nucleus of early commercial proliferation of atomic energy in three acts

2020

Historical research into the nuclear industry has focussed upon military and commercial aspects of the technology whilst ignoring fuel. This article discusses nuclear fuel, the resource at the centre of the industry and the role superpower politics played in its supply. Starting with the context of superpower competition, we examine the spread of nuclear technology from its beginnings in post-war Britain via West Germany in the 1950s to Finland in the 1960s and 1970s. We demonstrate that each country had varied interests affecting the choice of nuclear fuel for early energy projects; British fuel choices were constrained by its weapons programme and Germany needed legitimacy in the face of …

Online reading as an individual and social practice

2012

Nettilukemisen kiemurat ja kommervenkit

2020

Teknologian merkitys yhtenä oppimisen työkaluna on kasvanut viime vuosikymmenen aikana. OECD-maiden viisitoistavuotiaista yli 70 % käyttää tietokonetta koulussa (OECD 2015) ja esimerkiksi yhdysvaltalaisopettajista 95 % raportoi Internetissä tapahtuvan tiedonhaun yhtenä tyypillisenä koulutehtävän muotona (Purcell ym. 2012). Tietoa etsitään ja tekstiä luetaan erilaisista digitaalisista lähteistä päivittäin. Näitä digitaalisia lähteitä ovat muun muassa lukuisat e-kirjat ja netissä luettavat erilaiset tieto- ja viihdetekstit, uutistekstit sekä sosiaalisen median sisällöt. Muutoksia lukemistottumuksissamme on otettu huomioon myös nykyisessä opetussuunnitelmassamme (Opetushallitus 2014) ja myös k…

MEG induced activation measures in describing auditory cortex maturation

2015

Kuuloaivokuoren ärsykkeisiin liittyvien neuraalisten oskillaatioiden kehitystä ihmisellä ei vielä täysin tunneta. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kuvata auditorisen prosessoinnin kehitystä induced-aktivaation ja phase-locking-arvon avulla. Koehenkilöt olivat 6–13,5-vuotiailta lapsia (N=36) sekä aikuisia (N=11). Koko pään kattavaa magnetoenkefalografiaa (MEG) käytettiin nauhoittamaan aivokuoren aktivaatiota passiivisen kuuntelun tehtävän aikana. Osallistujille esitettiin yksinkertaisia siniääniä (1000 Hz, kesto 50 ms) ärsykkeenä erikseen molempiin korviin. Induced-aktivaatiosta ja phase-locking-arvosta laskettiin aika-taajuuskuvat (time-frequency representation) sekä vasemman että oikean he…

Memory-Based Mismatch Response to Frequency Changes in Rats

2011

Any occasional changes in the acoustic environment are of potential importance for survival. In humans, the preattentive detection of such changes generates the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials. MMN is elicited to rare changes (‘deviants’) in a series of otherwise regularly repeating stimuli (‘standards’). Deviant stimuli are detected on the basis of a neural comparison process between the input from the current stimulus and the sensory memory trace of the standard stimuli. It is, however, unclear to what extent animals show a similar comparison process in response to auditory changes. To resolve this issue, epidural potentials were recorded above the pr…

Comparing MEG and EEG in detecting the ~20-Hz rhythm modulation to tactile and proprioceptive stimulation

2020

Abstract Modulation of the ~20-Hz brain rhythm has been used to evaluate the functional state of the sensorimotor cortex both in healthy subjects and patients, such as stroke patients. The ~20-Hz brain rhythm can be detected by both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), but the comparability of these methods has not been evaluated. Here, we compare these two methods in the evaluating of ~20-Hz activity modulation to somatosensory stimuli. Rhythmic ~20-Hz activity during separate tactile and proprioceptive stimulation of the right and left index finger was recorded simultaneously with MEG and EEG in twenty-four healthy participants. Both tactile and proprioceptive st…

The effect of alertness and attention on the modulation of the beta rhythm to tactile stimulation

2021

Abstract Beta rhythm modulation has been used as a biomarker to reflect the functional state of the sensorimotor cortex in both healthy subjects and patients. Here, the effect of reduced alertness and active attention to the stimulus on beta rhythm modulation was investigated. Beta rhythm modulation to tactile stimulation of the index finger was recorded simultaneously with MEG and EEG in 23 healthy subjects (mean 23, range 19–35 years). The temporal spectral evolution method was used to obtain the peak amplitudes of beta suppression and rebound in three different conditions (neutral, snooze, and attention). Neither snooze nor attention to the stimulus affected significantly the strength of…