Search results for "OBESITY"

Understanding disease mechanisms with models of signaling pathway activities

2014

Background Understanding the aspects of the cell functionality that account for disease or drug action mechanisms is one of the main challenges in the analysis of genomic data and is on the basis of the future implementation of precision medicine. Results Here we propose a simple probabilistic model in which signaling pathways are separated into elementary sub-pathways or signal transmission circuits (which ultimately trigger cell functions) and then transforms gene expression measurements into probabilities of activation of such signal transmission circuits. Using this model, differential activation of such circuits between biological conditions can be estimated. Thus, circuit activation s…

Hypoadiponectinemia: A Link between Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2012

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors, including visceral obesity, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. MetS is rapidly increasing in prevalence worldwide as a consequence of the “epidemic” obesity, with a considerable impact on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. At present, there is a growing interest on the role of visceral fat accumulation in the occurrence of MetS. In this review, the effects of adipocytokines and other proinflammatory factors produced by fat accumulation on the occurrence of the MetS have been also emphasized. Accordingly, …

Digitizing social support: a healthy solution?

2022

The magnesium global network (MaGNet) to promote research on magnesium in diseases focusing on covid-19

2021

When the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began in early 2020, the global magnesium researcher community came together and noted the striking similarities between COVID-19 risk factors and conditions associated with magnesium deficit state in humans, reasoning that magnesium deficiency could worsen the course of COVID-19 [1-4]. This prompted establishment of a worldwide collaborative network with regular virtual meetings to brainstorm the associations between magnesium and COVID-19. We hypothesize that magnesium deficiency, a common but mostly unrecognized state in modern global societies, could be an important component of the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consequently, restoring the …

Prevalenza di sovrappeso e obesità in Italia: questione meridionale o disagio sociale?

2016

Overweight and obesity represent a topic of growing interest for most of the national healthcare plans of developed countries, mainly due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to their presence as a risk factor for many other noncommunicable diseases. The present work aims at providing a profile of overweight and obesity in Italy, and to analyze the impact of different territorial and socioeconomic risk factors. Data derived from Istat survey on “Health conditions and healthcare utilization” 2005 and 2013 are used, and Prevalence Risk Ratio estimates are derived through modified Poisson regression models. The results show higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in …

Impact of obesity on the oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids in mice and humans

2013

Gustation is an essential parameter in the oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids. In mice and most likely in humans, the binding of long-chain fatty acids to the CD36 receptor plays a major role in this oral fat detection. Gustation is involved in the food choice (fat sensitivity) as well as in the preparation of the body to the fat inflow. This oral lipid sensing is highly regulated. As obesity seems to be responsible for an alteration of the basic tastes detection, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether obesity can impair the oral lipid detection in both mice and humans. In humans, our data show that there is an alteration of the oral fat detection in some obese subjects who …

Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in Psammomys obesus

2020

The present study evaluates the protective effect of spirulina against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in Psammomys obesus, an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Psammomys obesus live...

Estigmatización de la obesidad: un problema a erradicar

2021

The Impact of Obesity on the Outcome of Surgical Repair for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

2019

Compréhension des processus cognitifs de traitement de l’information alimentaire chez des individus normo-pondéraux, en surpoids et en obésité : infl…

2020

Obesity has a multifactorial origin that implies biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that particular cognitive processing of food stimuli could contribute to the maintenance and development of obesity. This vulnerability was characterized by attentional biases (i.e. the tendency to automatically orient one’s attention) and a decreased inhibitory control (i.e. difficulties to control one’s cognitive processes) toward foods. This phenomenon may be reinforced by the obesogenic environment: an environment abundant in food and with a lack of options for physical exercise. Among the five studies presented in this work, we characterized olfacto…