Search results for "ODORANTS"

Liking the odour, liking the food. Toddlers' liking of strongly flavoured foods correlates with liking of their odour

2014

Olfaction plays a significant role in the sensing of foods. However, little information is available at any age on the relationship between the hedonic responses to given food odours and the effective liking and disliking of foods bearing these same odours. The present study aimed to assess the relationships between food odour liking and liking of the corresponding foods. This study relied on a longitudinal design involving 235 toddlers who were assessed for both their observed liking of a set of food odours and their parent-reported liking of foods at 12 and 22 months. To assess odour liking, eight odorants representing pleasant and unpleasant foods were presented in bottles along with neu…

Expression and differential localization of xenobiotic transporters in the rat olfactory neuro-epithelium.

2011

International audience; Transporters, such as multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins (MDR), multidrug resistance-related proteins (MRP) and organic anion transporters (OATs), are involved in xenobiotic metabolism, particularly the cellular uptake or efflux of xenobiotics (and endobiotics) or their metabolites. The olfactory epithelium is exposed to both inhaled xenobiotics and those coming from systemic circulation. This tissue has been described as a pathway for xenobiotics to the brain via olfactory perineural space. Thereby, olfactory transporters and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, dedicated to the inactivation and the elimination of xenobiotics, have been involved in the toxicological p…

Breath testing: the future for digestive cancer detection.

2013

Longitudinal Changes in Familiarity, Free and Cued Odor Identification, and Edibility Judgments for Odors in Aging Individuals.

2015

This longitudinal study investigated changes in olfaction as assessed by a set of tasks requiring different aspects of semantic information in normal aging individuals. Using 16 odorous items from a standardized olfactory test, the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test, 107 middle aged and older adults were assessed up to three times over a period of 6.5 years, requesting them to rate familiarity and edibility for each odorous item before identifying it with or without presenting verbal cues. Using linear mixed models, the longitudinal analyses revealed significant correlations between all olfactory measures. Furthermore, we found an almost parallel age-related decline in all olfactory task…

Do women have a hidden heat period?

2002

This article aims to throw light on the controversial topic of whether women have a 'heat' period within their menstrual cycle. The majority of publications in this field report, in addition to a periovulatory peak, no changes at all or even rises in male- and female-initiated sexual activity, woman's sexual desire, autosexual activity and sexual arousability, and interpersonal sexual activities during the mid-follicular and late luteal phases. The lack of a distinct pattern of women's sexual behaviour across the menstrual cycle may be explained by the interplay between cyclical endocrine fluctuations and many psychological, social, cultural and environmental factors, as well as the methodo…

Chemistry, microscopy and smell: bloodstains and nineteenth-century legal medicine

2015

This paper analyses the development of three methods for detecting bloodstains during the first half of the nineteenth-century in France. After dealing with the main problems in detecting bloodstains, the paper describes the chemical tests introduced in the mid-1820s. Then the first uses of the microscope in the detection of bloodstains around 1827 are discussed. The most controversial method is then examined, the smell test introduced by Jean-Pierre Barruel in 1829, and the debates which took place in French academies and learned societies during ensuing years are surveyed. Moving to the courtrooms a review is conducted of how the different methods were employed in criminal trials. By revi…

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of beta-lactoglobulin interactions with two flavor compounds, gamma-decalactone and beta-ionone.

2002

Interactions between a well-characterized protein, beta-lactoglobulin, and two flavor compounds, beta-ionone and gamma-decalactone, were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were recorded in aqueous solution (pH 2.0, 12 mM NaCl, 10% D(2)O) under conditions such that beta-lactoglobulin is present in a monomeric state. TOCSY and NOESY spectra were recorded on the protein and the complexes between protein and ligands. The spectra of the NH-CH(alpha) region showed the cross-signals due to the coupling between N- and C-bonded protons in the polypeptide backbone. The observed chemical shift variations in the presence of ligands can be assigned to changes in the protein conformation. It app…

Retro-nasal aroma release is correlated with variations in the in-mouth air cavity volume after empty deglutition.

2012

International audience; We hypothesized that interindividual differences in motor activities during chewing and/or swallowing were determining factors for the transfer of volatile aroma from the in-mouth air cavity (IMAC) toward the olfactory mucosa. In our first experiment, we looked for changes in IMAC volume after saliva deglutition in 12 healthy subjects. The mean IMAC volume was measured after empty deglutition using an acoustic pharyngometer device. Based on the time course of the IMAC volume after swallowing, we discerned two groups of subjects. The first group displayed a small, constant IMAC volume (2.26 mL ±0.62) that corresponded to a high tongue position. The second group displa…

Basal catalase activity and high glutathione levels influence the performance of non-Saccharomyces active dry wine yeasts.

2020

Non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts are useful tools for producing wines with complex aromas or low ethanol content. Their use in wine would benefit from their production as active dry yeast (ADY) starters to be used as co-inocula alongside S. cerevisiae. Oxidative stress during biomass propagation and dehydration is a key factor in determining ADY performance, as it affects yeast vitality and viability. Several studies have analysed the response of S. cerevisiae to oxidative stress under dehydration conditions, but not so many deal with non-conventional yeasts. In this work, we analysed eight non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts under biomass production conditions and studied oxidative stress parameter…

Footprint of carbonyl compounds in hand scent by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to nano-liquid chromatography/diode array detection

2019

Abstract In the present work, the footprint of carbonyl compounds in hand scent was achieved by a miniaturized method consisting of sampling with cotton gauze, extraction and derivatization using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and preconcentration, separation and detection by in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled to nano-liquid chromatography/Uv–vis diode array detection. The coupling IT-SPME-nanoLC-DAD was solved by using a two-valve system: the first valve for loading the sample and the second one to perform IT-SPME. To this aim, a nanoparticle-based capillary column was employed. Firstly, the transfer time from the load loop to the NP-based capillary column in the IT-S…