Search results for "OEFFE"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
Neuropeptide Y effects on pineal melatonin synthesis in the rat
1987
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity is present in the rodent pineal gland. To elucidate possible effects on pineal melatonin synthesis NPY (5 nmol/kg body wt.) was injected into the common carotid artery of male rats. Activities of the melatonin biosynthetic enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) were determined by means of radioenzymatic methods. Intact light-exposed animal showed increased NAT activity at day- and at nighttime. Blinded animals showed a more than 10-fold reduction of NAT activity after nocturnal NPY injections. HIOMT activity was only slightly influenced at either time. These results are discussed in terms of the p…
Subtypes of muscarinic receptor on cholinergic nerves and atrial cells of chicken and guinea-pig hearts
1988
1. Electrically driven chicken and guinea-pig atria were used to investigate the negative inotropic effects of the muscarinic agonists methacholine and acetylcholine (ACh). The release of ACh from isolated hearts into the perfusate in response to (preganglionic) vagal or (pre- and postganglionic) field stimulation was bioassayed on the guinea-pig ileum or determined by labelling with [3H]-choline. 2. Concentration-response curves for the negative inotropic effect of methacholine were shifted to the right by pirenzepine in various concentrations (0.03 to 10 mumol l-1). The pA2 values were 7.76 in chicken atria and 6.53 in guinea-pig atria. Pirenzepine and atropine antagonized the negative in…
Beta-adrenoceptors mediate inhibition of [3H]-acetylcholine release from the isolated rat and guinea-pig trachea: role of the airway mucosa and prost…
1994
1. Rat or guinea pig isolated tracheae were labelled with [3H]-choline to measure evoked tritium outflow, which reflects neuronal release of [3H]-acetylcholine. Tritium outflow was evoked either by electrical stimulation of the extrinsic vagal nerve (rat tracheae) or by 27 mM potassium (guinea pig tracheae). 2. In rat tracheae isoprenaline (0.01, 0.1 microM) inhibited evoked [3H]-acetylcholine release, whereas beta 2-adrenoceptor-selective agonists (fenoterol, formoterol, salbutamol) were ineffective. 3. The inhibitory effect of isoprenaline was abolished under the following conditions: (i) presence of propranolol (1 microM) or of the beta 1-selective antagonist CGP 20712 A (0.1 microM); (i…
Acetylcholine release at motor endplates and autonomic neuroeffector junctions: a comparison.
1996
Acetylcholine released at motor endplates and at autonomic neuroeffector junctions binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors to affect the activity of the corresponding target cells. Additionally, nicotonic and muscarinic receptors modulate various intracellular regulatory pathways (second messengers, gene expression) and mediate trophic effects. To maintain homeostasis of the individual cell and of the whole organism the release of acetylcholine has to be strictly controlled within both nervous systems. The basic events of synthesis, storage, and release are comparable at motoneurones and autonomic neurones, but mechanisms regulating transmitter release appear to differ. The motor endpla…
Samstämmighet i bedömning av muntlig färdighet i andraspråk
2017
Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia suullisen puhetaidon arvioinnin yhteneväisyyttä ruotsin kielen puhekokeessa. Tutkimuksessa informantit arvioivat 10 puheensuoritusta, jotka oli toteu-tettu Yleisen kielitutkinnon (YKI) puitteissa. Puhetaidon arvioinnin yhteneväisyyden tutkiminen toteutettiin vertaamalla YKI-arvioijien ja informanttien arviointien yhtäläisyyttä. Lisäksi aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla määritin, miten informantit soveltavat puhetaidon kriteerejä, joita eivät entuudestaan tunne. Kirjallisista arviointiperusteluista muodostettiin teemakategoriat arvioinneille, minkä lisäksi numeerisista arvioinneista muodostettiin numeeri-set vertailutaulukot. Tutkimuksen perustee…
La funzione educativa dei nonni
2014
The essay illustrates the content of Family Empowerment Courses for the educational training of grandparents. After a brief resumé of the recent social changes in the role of grandparents in family life, the article examines the permanent dimensions of their role as the grandchildren’s educators. Particular stress is placed on grandparents’ ability to actively pay attention to the stories their grandchildren tell. The older generation can contribute dramatically to their children and grandchildren’s happiness when they dedicate themselves to the education of the younger generations. In the essay we give some examples of the contributions that grandparents can make to their grandchildren’s e…