Search results for "ORIENTATION"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
Gesture's body orientation modulates the N400 for visual sentences primed by gestures
2020
Abstract Body orientation of gesture entails social‐communicative intention, and may thus influence how gestures are perceived and comprehended together with auditory speech during face‐to‐face communication. To date, despite the emergence of neuroscientific literature on the role of body orientation on hand action perception, limited studies have directly investigated the role of body orientation in the interaction between gesture and language. To address this research question, we carried out an electroencephalography (EEG) experiment presenting to participants (n = 21) videos of frontal and lateral communicative hand gestures of 5 s (e.g., raising a hand), followed by visually presented …
Evidence of unilateral isolated utricular hypofunction
2010
The findings demonstrate that an enduring unilateral utricular dysfunction, possibly together with canal hypofunction, can occur after labyrinthine disease or injury. They also suggest that unilateral, isolated utricular dysfunction - or utricle paresis - can occur, representing a novel entity in the differential diagnosis of peripheral vestibular function. The occurrence of subjective visual vertical (SVV) asymmetry in the presence of symmetric vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) also confirms that the information from the utricles, rather than the saccules, dominates SVV estimation.To determine the incidence of unilateral utricular hypofunction.The retrospective clinical study d…
Age dependent changes of distractibility and reorienting of attention revisited: an event-related potential study.
2012
Adults of three age groups (18-27, 39-45, and 59-66 years) performed an auditory duration discrimination task with short (200 ms) or long (400 ms) sinusoidal tones. Performance was highly accurate and reaction times were on the same level in all groups, indicating no differences in auditory duration processing. Task irrelevant rare changes of the frequency of the stimuli were introduced to check whether the subjects, firstly, were distracted by changes in the environment while focusing on the task relevant information (indicated by prolonged responses), and, secondly, could re-focus on the relevant task after distraction. The results show that a distraction effect is present in all groups. …
Impaired conflict resolution and vigilance in euthymic bipolar disorder.
2015
Abstract Difficulty attending is a common deficit of euthymic bipolar patients. However, it is not known whether this is a global attentional deficit or relates to a specific attentional network. According to the attention network approach, attention is best understood in terms of three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct networks-alerting, orienting, and executive control. In this study, we explored whether and which of the three attentional networks are altered in euthymic Bipolar Disorder (BD). A sample of euthymic BD patients and age-matched healthy controls completed the Attention Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance (ANTI-V) that provided not only a measure of orienting…
Confidentiality and disclosure of HIV infection: HIV-positive persons' experience with HIV testing and coping with HIV infection in Latvia.
2000
The objective of the study was to explore retrospectively HIV-infected individuals experience with HIV testing counseling and the issue of confidentiality in the Latvian context. A qualitative study using grounded theory approach and based on semi-structured in-depth interviews was implemented. 13 HIV-positive individuals above 18 were selected using purposeful sampling from the 63 HIV-positive individuals registered in Latvia between 1987 and 1997. HIV-infected people are worried that doctors sometimes disrespect confidentiality. Confidentiality was found to be a basic prerequisite for building trusting relationships between an HIV-infected individual and a doctor within the counseling pro…
Visuospatial attention lateralization in volleyball players and in rowers.
2011
In the present study, differences in visuospatial attention lateralization were evaluated in athletes engaged in open- compared to closed-skill sports and sedentary nonathletes. 23 volleyball players (open skill; Italian national level and regional level), 10 rowers (closed skill, Italian national level), and 23 sedentary participants responded to a computerized line-length judgment task. Five lines, differing in the length of their right and left segments, were randomly presented; the respondent made a forced-choice decision about the respective length of the two segments. Volleyball players responded significantly faster; those at the higher competitive level were also more accurate, mak…
Testing utricular function by means of on-axis rotation
2005
Subjective visual vertical (SVV) estimation during on-axis rotation provides an efficient screening test of utricle function. The survey demonstrates that isolated disorders of peripheral utricular function can occur while SCC function appears normal.The present study aimed to investigate estimation of SVV during constant velocity yaw rotation (with the head held on-axis--to enhance any asymmetry between right and left utricular responses), as a useful screening test.In all, 230 patients were recruited from the dizziness clinic. For each patient, the SVV was estimated (a) while held stationary, and (b) during constant angular velocity (240 degrees/s), with the head centred on-axis. Bitherma…
Automatic processing of rare versus novel auditory stimuli reveal different mechanisms of auditory change detection
2012
Automatic detection of rare stimuli or changes in an auditory stimulation can distract ongoing task processing by attracting attention away from task relevant information. Typically, the effectiveness of auditory change detection is tested by rare and unpredictable deviations (compared with an otherwise regular auditory presentation) or by rare environmental sounds. The present study demonstrates that both types of stimuli are capable of triggering automatic orientation of attention and that rare environmental sounds are more effective than deviations in distraction of attention. This finding suggests different mechanisms underlying the detection of auditory change. Moreover, novelty as con…
Oculovestibular interactions under microgravity.
1993
On a space mission in March 1992 a set of experiments were performed aimed at clarifying the interaction between visual, proprioceptive and vestibular inputs to the equilibrium system. Using the VESTA goggle facility from the European Space Agency we investigated the effect of pure neck receptor stimulation on eye position as measured by the flash afterimage method and on perception of a head-fixed luminous line in space. Space vestibular adaptation processes were measured by rotating pattern perception during prescribed head movements. It was found that static ocular counterrotation does not occur under micro gravity conditions. This result suggests that the neck receptors apparently do no…
Synergy of spatial frequency and orientation bandwidth in texture segregation
2021
Defining target textures by increased bandwidths in spatial frequency and orientation, we observed strong cue combination effects in a combined texture figure detection and discrimination task. Performance for double-cue targets was better than predicted by independent processing of either cue and even better than predicted from linear cue integration. Application of a texture-processing model revealed that the oversummative cue combination effect is captured by calculating a low-level summary statistic (\(\Delta CE_m\)), which describes the differential contrast energy to target and reference textures, from multiple scales and orientations, and integrating this statistic across channels wi…